Repair computer power supplies with your own hands. Block diagram

The power supply in the personal computer is one of the most important components. Distinguish these devices not only in terms of power, but also in terms of design features. Before the release, all models undergo a certain standardization procedure. The main elements of the blocks can be considered a transformer, a converter, and also a rectifier. Additionally, depending on the modification, various cooling and protective systems are installed on the device.

How do I replace a block?

Replacing the power supply is quite simple, and you can do it yourself without any effort. To do this, a man from the tools will need only a cross-head screwdriver. A block is located in the PC case at the back side, where all the connectors are located. First you need to unscrew the four nuts on the panel. After that, the unit disconnects from the PC cover, but it can not be removed at this time. This is due to the fact that the unit remains connected to the motherboard, hard drive, and CD-ROM. Therefore, a person must detach all contacts that prevent this before removing the device.

General Device Diagnostics

When the mains adapter breaks down, first of all it is necessary to make its general diagnostics to understand the cause of the malfunction. To do this, you must disconnect the element from the personal computer. To do this, four nuts are unscrewed, which hold the protective cover of the device. You can do this using a Phillips screwdriver. Next, the cover must be gently lifted upwards. For a person to have full access to all the elements of the unit, it is important to disconnect the cooler after removing the panel.

It is usually fastened on four nuts, and you can also cope with them using a Phillips screwdriver. Next, you should carefully inspect all components. In particular, it is important to pay attention to dark spots. When the system overheats, as a rule, there are black spots. After this it is possible to disconnect the transformer, and also inspect the converter. If the integrity of the winding is not disturbed, then the unit needs to be thoroughly checked.

Repair of blocks "Asus"

Many buyers of the Asus power supply are chosen because of their high power. On average, it is about 500 watts. Cables for models are mainly used non-modular type. It is on average the best power supply from "Asus" in the region of 3 thousand rubles. Rectifiers in this case are installed next to the converters, and their throughput is pretty good. All standard connectors are provided for them.

At a voltage of 3 V, the device can withstand an average load of 24 A on the average. It should also be noted that the filters work. They are installed in cases only of the network type and are located next to the rectifiers. The main problem of the blocks of the above company is considered to be the overvoltage of the inductor. This is due to the fact that the threshold voltage level increases sharply. As a result, the integrity of the winding is disrupted. In order to replace the inductor, the emergency power unit must be removed from the personal computer.

Next, you need to unscrew all the nuts that hold the upper U-shaped cover. After that, the cooler can not even be touched. The coil in this case can be detached separately. At the same time, it is held on the chip only on one contact. After replacing the element, the unit must be reassembled and inserted into the personal computer.

Common problems with the blocks "Samsung"

Blocks of "Samsung" to date are in great demand. Almost all models use binary modulators. Their important advantage is the good conductivity of the signal. At the same time, the delay in the system is quite small. However, the shortcomings of the power supply Samsung also has. First of all, it should be noted a common fault, which is caused by a conflict between the system and the converter. This process occurs because the transmission width in the device varies. In order to solve this problem, the unit converter must be replaced.

It's quite easy to do this if you have a Phillips screwdriver at hand. In this case, the cooler in the unit will have to be disconnected. Thus, the person will have full access to the converter. It is attached to the chip using a special lock. In order to remove it, you need to press your fingers on both sides with small protrusions. The converter will then disconnect. Before installing a new model, the plate on which the part is located must be cleaned. Suitable for this purpose is an ordinary fleece. Some experts additionally advise to lubricate it with ethyl alcohol.

Repair of input filter

The repair of power supplies of the computer is done by oneself, if the input filter breaks down, it is quite simple. To do this, you must first retrieve this element. It is located in the device usually near the rectifier. In some cases, the filter is connected to the converter. In order to test its performance, it is necessary to inspect its upper part. If it shows dark spots, then the element was overloaded. In this case, the person is obliged to clean all contacts and fix the filter in the same place.

Inverter service

In order to repair the computer power supplies with your own hands when the inverter breaks down, it is necessary to have a Phillips screwdriver. Located above the element near the cooler. To disconnect it it is possible having removed a plate which is at its basis. In some cases, manufacturers install in this place two latches, which are connected together. In this case, the inverter is disconnected with two fingers. Repair of the device in this situation should begin with a survey of the base. It represents a flat plate to which the regulator is attached.

If the base has any defects, then the element will have to be completely replaced. To do this, you will need to purchase a similar model. In order to fasten the inductor in its previous position, it is first necessary to raise the plate upwards. If there were two locks, then before installing the inductor, they are moved to the side. After that, the protective cover is screwed onto the unit, and the device is again placed on the PC case.

Inspection of the Controller

It is quite difficult to repair the computer power supplies with your own hands when the controller is damaged. The whole problem in this case is the presence of a large number of electrodes. When the system is closed, the controller is not able to work properly. In order to clean contacts, many advise using an eraser. At the same time, it is not necessary to apply great efforts to it. If this does not work, the controller is completely twisted from the rectifier and replaced with a new one.

This can be done with a screwdriver. In this case, it is important not to damage the chip, because it is located quite close and is very vulnerable to mechanical contacts. Replacement of the controller is carried out only with the participation of cotton wool. In this case, the lower part of the element must be thoroughly wiped. Ethyl alcohol in this situation is not recommended.

Maintenance of the cooler

To repair the computer power supplies with your own hands to replace the cooler can be quite simple. To do this, first remove the side cover from the personal computer. Then the UPS unplugs itself. Coolers in it for today are installed the most diverse. However, they are attached, as a rule, all on the side wall. In order to remove the device, you need to use a screwdriver. There are usually four nuts on it.

After that, you can directly detach the cooler from the unit. However, it is important to watch that the power cable does not interfere with it. It is best in this situation to disconnect it immediately. You can do this simply by lifting the port that is near the chip. After that, the cooler can be conveniently placed on the table for further work. First of all, it is important to remove the sticker, which is its additional protection. A small rubber gasket can be placed beneath it. Depending on the design of the fan, it can cover the connecting rod or the rolling bearing.

In order to remove the bushing, it is necessary to remove the protective ring that holds it. After that, the bush protrudes. At this stage, you need to watch to prevent the puck from falling on the floor. Then the cooler is cleaned with engine oil, and it must be assembled in reverse order. After turning on the power supply, the fan must be checked for proper operation. If, after all the above actions, he makes any sounds, then the device was not assembled correctly.

Replacement of the power throttle

To repair the PC power supply unit for the replacement of the throttle can only be done using a blowtorch. In order to reach the specified part, the unit must be disassembled completely. In addition, disconnect the inverter. The converter from the chip is removed last. A choke for the block should be selected in a certain series. In this case, much depends on the power of the device. Contacts are soldered exactly from the side of the chip, and then the choke is connected to the transformer. In the future, if the wiring is incorrect, the contacts can be reconnected.

Inspection of the chip

Before making a repair of the PC power supply unit, the chip is inspected without fail. In general, this part of the device is quite complicated. Given this, it is necessary to treat the chip with special frugality. First of all, experts advise to inspect the resistors, which are located next to the controller. In some cases, their contacts overheat. In general, you can check the functionality of the chip by simply connecting a normal model.

Radiator Repair

The radiator in the block breaks rather seldom, however such cases happen. In this situation, it must be disconnected from the transformer. Only after this, a person will be able to inspect it. At this stage, only the base of the part is inspected. In particular, it is necessary to inspect its platform for any defects. After that, the part from the top is inspected. If it shows dark spots, then the radiator has become unusable. To replace it, you need to purchase a similar product in the store. It is attached to the transformer, usually screwed. However, much in this case depends on the manufacturer.

How to test a pulse transformer?

It is possible to repair the unit for inspection of the transformer only if the cooler is disconnected in advance, as it will interfere in the future. After that, the transformer is inspected at the sides. If its contacts are dirty, then they must be cleaned. For these purposes, an ideal eraser is ideal. However, alcohol-based wipes can also be used. If the specified procedure does not help in the operation of the unit, then the transformer must be changed.

Replacement of the controller on the transformer

Replacement of the controller at home is very fast. Of the tools for this procedure, you will only need a Phillips screwdriver. The controller is attached to the transformer with only one clamp. It is removed from the fuse quite simply, and no great physical effort is required. Further it is important to clean the metal part and wipe it with a dry rag. After that, it is possible to connect a new controller model. When the unit is turned on, the device should work silently. If there are any noises, then the installed element in its parameters for the block is not suitable.

Rectifier failure

The unit is being repaired for part of the malfunctions with rectifiers only in special workshops. At the same time, replacing it at home is also not possible. Considering all of the above, you do not need to try to remove the rectifier from the microcircuit. All this in a number of cases results in a breakdown of the unit. Specialists using a soldering iron and tweezers are able to remove this device without damaging the board.

After examining the rectifier, it will be possible to decide his fate in the future. As a rule, it's the easiest to replace it with a new one. However, in this situation, the cause of its failure is taken into account. The rectifier itself does not break, and in parallel in the unit they also go out with a transformer with a transformer. All this is a consequence of a sharp increase in the limiting voltage in the network.

Problems with the blocks "Aerocool"

The models of this company are actively sold today. It is an average power unit (market price) in the region of 3 thousand rubles. The power of the conventional model is at 500 W, and the device is capable of holding a maximum of 23 A. The common problem with these elements is considered to be a breakdown of the modulator. However, transducers are often out of order from overvoltage. In this case, the fans are installed, as a rule, reliable.

Blocks of the company "Zalman"

The company "Zalman" power supplies reviews are good. Many models of this brand of limiting capacity can boast of 550 V. At the same time, the maximum load can be kept at the level of 25 A. A powerful power supply unit from Zalman costs about 3200 rubles. Rectifiers in this case are installed broadband. In turn, coolers can often be found without rolling bearings.

They lose their lubrication pretty quickly, and ultimately the UPS becomes loud. In such a situation, the cooler is more expedient to disassemble and replace, if necessary, worn out parts. Also, the burnout of the converter is considered to be a common problem of the blocks of this company. This is due to the banal increase in voltage in the house wiring. As a consequence, the transformer inside the unit can also burn out.