Health, Medical tourism
Rehabilitation, types of rehabilitation. Methods of rehabilitation
Experts call rehabilitation of the process of restoring health and disability, which were broken by illness, trauma, physical or social factors. Its goal is to quickly and efficiently return the patient to society, to work and household duties.
The concept of "rehabilitation"
Types of rehabilitation are diverse. This is medical and professional, there are also labor or social, but they have one thing in common - they all restore. The World Health Organization has been given a corresponding definition of this term.
General approaches
Each person in a certain period of time may need professional help so that he can return to his former way of life. A multifaceted and sufficiently long work to restore the patient's health and its reintegration into the labor and social life is rehabilitation. Kinds of rehabilitation experts consider in interrelation and unity. Each of them corresponds to its type of consequences. For example, the biomedical consequences of the disease are deviations from the morphofunctional normal status, a decrease in the ability to work forces the patient to abandon the work, social rehabilitation or disadaptation is necessary for violations of ties with the family, society.
Recovering the patient after a previous illness and only his physical recovery can not be considered a full solution to the problem. This is not rehabilitation: the types of rehabilitation must affect the person in the aggregate, since after the patient has fully recovered, he needs to become efficient, regain his social status, etc. That is, a complete return of the person to the former full Life, both in the family or in the community, and in society.
Recovery Methods
There are many types of rehabilitation in the medical field - physical, medicamental, reconstructive surgery, rehabilitation with the help of some medical and technical means, diet therapy, etc. Depending on the disease or injury received, different methods are used. Restoration of the physical form can be achieved with the help of kinesiotherapy and physiotherapy, physiotherapy.
In those cases when the patient very much wants to help himself, and therefore takes a very active part in all processes, according to experts, the most effective rehabilitation comes.
Types of psychological rehabilitation - the help of a psychologist or an expert in narcology - is necessary for patients who do not have the desire to recover. It can be alcoholics, drug addicts or toxic addicts - those who have dependence and are completely suppressed will.
Means of medical rehabilitation
Methods of medical recovery can be divided into three subspecies: active, which includes all methods of kinesitherapy, including physical exercises with elements of sport, walking, running, exercising on simulators, occupational therapy, etc., as well as passive, i.e. Pharmaco-, physio-, phyto-, complimentary therapy, homeopathy. The third method - psycho-regulating, involves aesthetic and phonotherapy, autogenic training, muscle relaxation, etc.
For a long time medical rehabilitation systems have been considered as the only or the main directions. They mainly concerned the aspirations of doctors to cure the disease for the restoration of impaired functions. However, this, as already proved, was not enough. Therefore, the question was raised about first of all to determine the subject of rehabilitation. The biological concept of the onset of disability, which was based only on anatomical and physiological disorders in humans, was replaced by a theory based, inter alia, on the imbalance of patient interaction with the surrounding world.
Studies have shown that there are more opportunities for restoring a patient after an injury or ailment when exposed to environmental conditions. This is how the notion of "social rehabilitation" arose.
Stages of medical recovery
The first stage is to help the patient during the acute course of the disease or after an injury. This stage takes place in intensive care units, in more severe cases - in intensive care, in short, where there are conditions for rehabilitation and first aid - in medical organizations that specialize in the profile of the disease.
The second stage is called support of the patient during the early healing process after the course of the illness or injury, as well as during the residual phenomena of the course of the disease in the stationary conditions of various medical organizations. This can be a rehabilitation center, a branch in a sanatorium, etc.
And, at last, the third stage of medical restoration is the help in the period of the residual phenomena, and also at a chronic current of disease without an exacerbation. At this stage, it is conducted in the physiotherapy room, with the help of physiotherapy exercises or reflexotherapy. Not bad helps manual therapy, medical psychology, etc.
One of the key in any rehabilitation is precisely the physiotherapy methods. They are aimed at the full restoration of lost functions in the patient and promote the acceleration of reparative processes in the organs and tissues of the body, primarily the musculoskeletal system, the nervous system and the circulatory system.
During the physiotherapeutic method of recovery, medications are not used, and therefore the risk of an allergic reaction or side effects, including drug dependence, is excluded. A specially selected rehabilitation program helps the patient to recover as quickly and efficiently as possible after a surgery or injury, restores a sense of freedom in movement and the ability to communicate with surrounding people without any restrictions.
Recovery after a stroke
This ailment, leading to acute impairment of cerebral circulation and damage to brain tissue, is fairly common today. After it, complete immobility, a decrease in strength, for example, hemiparesis, speech impairment, a perceptible decrease in sensitivity, may occur. Rehabilitation after a stroke involves the use of methods that restore all violations simultaneously.
To return the damaged organs to a normal state, a number of measures must be taken. And they need to start from the first days, if, of course, the general condition of the patient will allow. Rehabilitation after a stroke should begin in the hospital - in the neurological department, and then continue in the sanatorium. The prognosis for the restoration of all functions is determined by the size and location of the affected areas of the brain. Of no small importance in this case is the accuracy and completeness of individual rehabilitation.
Drug clinic or rehabilitation center
Any dependence - be it alcoholic or narcotic - is a disease. A person who regularly uses psychoactive substances is socially dangerous. At the same time as a result of abuse of alcohol or drugs, the individual develops a persistent mental and physical dependence. As a result, such a person immediately destroys four spheres in life. First of all, he loses his health as a result of a constant hangover, breakage, the risk of contracting HIV infection, hepatitis, the appearance of cardiovascular diseases, etc., worsens, as well as psychological state-aggression, irritability, isolation, social relations are violated and completely Spiritual principles change.
Of course, many of them close people are placed in drug treatment clinics. However, the patients, after taking a course of treatment for a week, return home and in 99.9% of cases after a while they begin to lead the old way of life - again they consume alcohol or drugs.
According to experts, in order to cure such dependence, a person first of all needs to be "pulled out" from the surrounding society, limiting it in free movement and isolating him from the usual circle of communication. The second, no less important exercise is this abstinence. But for this it is necessary to work with this social group, otherwise simply abstinence in most cases develops into a longer and more rapid consumption. And then the rehabilitation center helps a person.
To date, there are a lot of such organizations in our country. Many of them have their own individual program of work. Twelve-step rehabilitation program was very popular. What rehabilitation center to choose - spiritual, social, labor - is decided not only by the patient himself, but also by his relatives.
About social rehabilitation
This concept is a process of restoring in society the status of a person lost by it due to problems or difficult life situations. These include the onset of disability, migration, imprisonment, unemployment, and so on.
Social rehabilitation is a complex of measures for a closer interaction of the individual with society. It, on the one hand, includes the method of transferring social experience to individuals and the way to include it in the system of relations, and on the other hand - personal changes.
Types of social rehabilitation
Depending on the types of problems for today, several basic types of restoration are applied at once. First of all, this is social and medical rehabilitation. It is the formation of the patient's new skills for a full life, as well as assistance in organizing everyday life and housekeeping. In addition, in some cases, a person is prescribed restorative and reconstructive therapy, which is carried out by the center of social rehabilitation.
The second type is the return to the patient of mental or psychological health, the optimization of his intragroup relations and relationships, as well as the identification of potential opportunities for the person to organize care and psychological correction.
The next method is socio-pedagogical. It implies the organization and implementation of professional assistance in the violation of the ability of the individual to receive education. To do this, some work is done to create adequate conditions, as well as forms and methods of training in appropriate methods and programs.
Other types - professional, labor and social and environmental rehabilitation - are aimed at building a person's lost labor and professional qualities and skills with further employment, as well as restoring social significance within the relevant environment.
Restorative activities for children
According to statistics provided by WHO, more than six hundred and a half million inhabitants of the world suffer from serious diseases, one third of which are children. The figures, already very depressing, are growing every year. Children born with disabilities or who have been disabled in the first year of life reach their full potential only through services and rehabilitation centers. Restoring the health of this category of residents in our country includes all types of services that are provided to both infants and adolescents. The term "rehabilitation of children" today refers to the whole range of services to ensure the social participation of the child.
The purpose of rehabilitation of children
It consists not only in returning the child to health, but also in the development of his mental and physical functions to the optimum level. The place where children are rehabilitated are all health or educational organizations, as well as a family that ensures the restoration of their health at this stage of life. Medical rehabilitation of the child is carried out in several institutions. The most important and the first is the maternity hospital. In addition, in the development of children an important role is played by a polyclinic, an outpatient clinic and consultations, and also a hospital. In a more adult age, the child is accepted by such rehabilitation institutions as specialized dispensaries, sanatoriums, health camps, boarding school.
Stages of the child's recovery process
State programs aimed at restoring the health of sick children, provide for three stages - clinical, sanatorium and adaptation.
The first stage - stationary - provides not only the restoration of the functions of the affected systems, but also the preparation of the child's organism for the subsequent rehabilitation period. To solve the tasks at this stage of recovery, all methods of rehabilitation are used - the possibilities of pharmacology, as well as diet, physiotherapy, massage, and exercise therapy. The process at the first stage is evaluated by biochemical and functional indicators, the results of the ECG.
The sanatorium recovery period is crucial. During its carrying out the functions of the affected system are normalized. Special attention is paid to the physical and mental state of the child in accordance with his individual characteristics.
The third stage is adaptive. Its goal is to normalize the functional indicators for the child's return to normal life. The content of rehabilitation procedures at this stage is determined not only by the state of the baby's health, but also by the degree of its functional adaptation. The third period is coming to an end with the complete restoration of children.
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