Reflection at the end of the lesson: examples from the GEF. Reflection as a stage of a modern lesson in the conditions of GEF

With the transition to new educational standards, the question of conducting reflection in the lesson became quite urgent. Many teachers do not attach special importance to this stage of the exercise, some refer to it purely formally: if it is required, then we will conduct it. In this article, let's try to understand what the reflection is at the end of the lesson, examples from the GEF will show the ways of conducting it.

The concept of reflection

Before moving on, it is necessary to understand the very concept of what this word means. The word "reflection" Russian language in dictionaries interprets as self-analysis and self-evaluation of its activities. If we talk about reflection as a stage of a lesson, then this is an assessment of one's state, emotions, the results of one's activity in class.

The word "reflexion" is of Latin origin from the word reflexio, which means the ability to reflect, conduct self-observation and comprehension of one's activity.

From the point of view of psychology, the formation of the student's personality is closely connected with reflection: if the child does not know how to do this, then he does not play the role of the subject of the educational process.

That is why it is advisable that reflection begins in the primary school. The absence of this stage of the lesson shows that the occupation is directed only at the activity process, and not at the development of the student's personality.

Reflection Functions

When the teacher starts using systematic reflection on his lessons, then it comes to the realization that it helps to control the class, already during the lesson it becomes clear what causes difficulties. Reflection in the GEF lesson helps students to more consciously treat the received knowledge, systematize the experience, adequately compare the results of their work in the lesson with other children and evaluate them.

If you ask what gives reflection to the child, then we can note the following:

• He begins to understand why this subject is being studied in the lesson and how it can be useful to him in his life.
• Reflection in school helps students set goals and achieve them.
• The guys are beginning to realize that they can contribute to the common cause.
• Reflection will show how the child is able to adequately assess their work, as well as comrades.

Considering all this, it can be said that the reflection at the end of the lesson - examples on GEF will be considered further - makes the process of learning new knowledge more interesting for the guys and meaningful.

Types of Reflection

When a teacher communicates with children in the course of a lesson, then, taking into account the circumstances, he uses one of the types of reflection. There are several of them, and they reflect the spheres of the human essence:

• The physical sphere presupposes an answer to the question: did he manage to do the work or did not have time.
• Sensory implies the child's well-being at the lesson, what it was like, comfortable or not.
• The intellectual sphere shows that the student understood at the lesson what difficulties he had in the process of working on new material.
• Spiritual. It can be noted that the child, analyzing the lesson from this position, can say that it influenced him positively or negatively, he created himself or destroyed and how he acted on his comrades.

There is a misconception that GEF reflection should only be held at the end of the session, but this is not at all the case. It can be used at any stage, since it should be aimed at understanding what the child is doing.

The following types of reflexion can be distinguished:

• Individual, which is conducted with each child to identify real self-esteem.
• Group reflection focuses on the work of each member of the group to achieve common goals. The following questions will be relevant here: "What help did you have ... (name)? Would it be better for you if you worked or did not work ... (name)?"

Psychologists have their own opinion, what kind of reflection can be at the end of the lesson, examples on GEF will be further presented. From their point of view, it happens:

• Communicative. It shows the child's ideas about the inner world of his companion, about the reasons that prompted him to act in one way or another.
• For personal reflection, the object is the student's personality, its qualities, behavior, relationships with others.
• Intellectual reflection becomes relevant in the process of solving various kinds of problems, in the ability to analyze their decisions, to find more rational and effective ones.

The content of reflection can also differ, depending on which it happens:

• Symbolic, when symbols, for example, cards, smileys, tokens are used to evaluate their status or work.
• Oral reflexion implies a coherent and understandable statement of one's thoughts about the lesson.
• Written takes a lot of time, and it is rarely used.

And we can cite another classification, which relies on the functions of reflection:

1. Reflection of mood and emotional state.
2. Reflection of activity.
3. Reflection of the content of the educational material.

Next, you need to learn more about the different types of reflection.

Emotional reflection

This kind of reflection is often used at the very beginning of the lesson. Its goal is to establish emotional contact with the students and adjust them to a benevolent attitude and fruitful work. But such a reflection at the end of the lesson will also be appropriate.

The techniques that can be used to conduct such a reflection can be very different. We will discuss them in more detail.

Examples of emotional reflection

Each teacher in his arsenal has many methods of carrying out this type of reflection. Let's consider only some of them:

1. Reception "Smiley". The essence of it is that the teacher at the beginning of the lesson gives the boys an image of a man's face, but without features. The task of children is to draw on their face those emotions that are characteristic of them at the present time. It is not forbidden to supplement the image with other objects, for example, to draw balloons or flowers in the hand. For simplicity, you can use ready-made emoticons, and children only choose one that matches their mood. This technique can also be used at the end of the session to assess the emotional state of the children at the completion stage.
2. Reception "Sunny". On the board a circle is depicted from the sun, and the children have rays and clouds. Approaching the sun, they must attach the rays, if they liked the lesson, and close it with a cloud, if they have not extracted anything useful for themselves.
3. A reading of an emotional poem that is consistent with the topic of the lesson, and then ask the students what they feel? What mood do these lines cast?

Emotional reflection is very important. Children get used to assess their condition and speak freely about it. Sometimes many adults do not have enough to explain their loved ones and express what they feel. Often a simple heart-to-heart talk solves all problems at once.

Emotional reflection is easy to conduct even in primary school, children learn to express their emotions and analyze their mood.

Activity reflection

This kind of reflexion helps to optimize the learning process. Students using methods of this reflection can meaningfully relate to the methods that they choose to achieve their goals. As a result, the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition is greatly improved.

Reflection of activity allows you to assess the activity of students during the entire lesson. Irreplaceable such a reflection is at the final stage of the lesson. It teaches children to adequately assess their work in the lesson, the methods and methods that they choose to achieve the planned result. With its help, students can see their weaknesses and find out where there are gaps in knowledge.

Examples of activity reflection

All teachers already have large reserves of different ways of carrying out this kind of reflection. Here are some examples of the most famous:

1. Interesting reflection at the end of the lesson in the form of "The little steps of success." The child chooses the step that corresponds to him. On the bottom of the man's hands are omitted and this symbolizes that the lesson did not work. The middle step with the little man, whose hands are divorced to the side, indicating that there are some problems during the lesson. Upper step with a little man with his hands up. This indicates that everything that was planned was accomplished.
2. "A train". On the board is an image of a train with trailers that represent the steps of the lesson. The children are invited to evaluate each of them, dropping the "merry little face" or "sad" depending on whether they liked to perform the tasks that the teacher offered.
3. «Flower meadow». On the board there is a glade with colored flowers, which have the names of activities. Students should plant a butterfly on the flower that they liked best.
4. In the lessons of calligraphy in primary school, you can conduct a reflection called "Signs." Pupils should be in their notebooks-and you can also exchange notebooks with your comrades-to highlight or emphasize that letter, which is written most beautifully.

With the help of various types of reflection, it will always be convenient for the teacher to see a graphic picture of the assimilation of new material.

Reflection of the content of the material

This kind of reflection is aimed at revealing the degree of awareness of the new material by the guys. Most often it is already at the end of the lesson, but if the lesson has several blocks of material, it may be more effective to use this reflection after each stage of the work.

This reflexive activity will immediately show that the children learn quickly and well, and what questions require more detailed elaboration and repetition. With the help of this type of reflection, you can quickly summarize the lesson.

Examples of content reflection

Such types of reflection can also offer a large number. The teacher can change them depending on the strength of the class, the material that is learned in the lesson. Here are just some of its methods:

1. Answer the question. The questions of reflection at the end of the lesson can be:

• What did I learn today?
• Was it hard for me or not?
• Did I understand the material or were there any difficulties?
• I learned something new?
• I was able to achieve results?

2. Reception "Plus-minus-interesting". It can be performed either verbally or in writing, giving out cards to children. "Plus" - this is what I liked, "minus" - did not like it, but "interestingly" shows what new and interesting facts the guys learned at the lesson.

3. Compilation of syncwein. This quintuple can be used in the final stage of the lesson.

Very important is the reflection at the end of the lesson, examples from the GEF can be brought almost to infinity.

How to develop a reflexive technique

When choosing different ways of conducting reflection, each teacher should take into account some points:

• Age of the children and class composition.
• Features of a particular subject and topic of the lesson.
• Expediency of carrying out of a reflexion at the certain stage of a lesson.

It is very important that the reflection at the end of the lesson is not formal, but gives its tangible results.

How to teach children to reflect

To enable children to participate freely in reflection, this must be taught, starting from the first classes. The learning process can be divided into several stages:

1. Ability to analyze your mood.
2. Analyze your achievements.
3. At the third stage, teach children to analyze the work of their classmates.
4. At the last stage, the entire class is analyzed.

Only by working constantly in this direction can we achieve good results when the students are not afraid to express their opinion and will adequately assess not only their work, but also the merits of their comrades.

Each teacher should remember that the lesson for the child is not just a lesson on a particular subject, but it is a real life lesson where he learns to recognize himself among people, value his and other people's work, evaluate his actions, and shape responsibility for himself and his loved ones in this world. It is necessary to teach children to overcome difficulties, because in life on the way they meet a lot.

Only the creative approach of teachers can bring up a real modern personality.