Problems of modern education and science. Ways to solve problems at the state level

The modern stage of technological development has led to unprecedented opportunities for creating fundamentally new and more effective methods and methods of teaching. Along with this, original approaches also take place in the scientific environment, where the latest developments are actively used. However, it is by no means always the implementation of new concepts and programs conducive to development that is readily accepted by responsible persons. But this not only explains the problems of modern education and science, which make further development impossible. Stagnation in pedagogical activity, for example, is facilitated by several factors, the perpetrators of which are both teachers and students themselves, and an inefficient state apparatus. To better understand the current situation in the education and science sectors, their problems and ways out of the difficult situation should be examined in more detail.

Financing Issues

The national education system has long been considered one of the best in the world. The reason for this could be called the enthusiasm of the teaching staff who performed their duties qualitatively and with love for the wards. However, in our time, quality education is impossible without funding. And we are talking not only about the proper level of remuneration for teachers, among whom there are still a lot of really devoted people to their work. The fact is that the distribution of money is planned based on the number of students. But this approach today is ineffective and gives rise to other, no less pressing problems of education, including the difficulties of controlling the attendance of students by schools. For this purpose, in some institutions the introduction of special commissions is practiced, which in the future compile reports on the actual number of students. This is due to the fact that the allocated money does not always correspond to the assigned tasks precisely because of discrepancies in the figures relating to the number of students. However, there is also an alternative to such a system of financing, which assumes the receipt of funds directly from the parents. At least, the most acute problems of the technical state of schools are solved in this way.

Shortage of young specialists

The aging of the faculty is one of the main problems of modern universities. It would seem that this is a normal and natural process, since young teachers and teachers always replace the older generation. But with each passing year, the slowing down of the "reproduction" of young cadres is becoming more obvious. The situation is aggravated by the fact that heads of institutions are forced to hire people with dubious qualifications from desperation. As a result, the quality of education suffers . By the way, in science there are problems of the same nature, but with their own specifics. It should be noted that many young specialists begin their journey into science precisely with teaching activities. Then follows the conduct of research, writing articles, etc. But to stimulate such processes, state participation is not enough. Again, much hinges on the lack of sufficient provision of teaching staff with material means.

Absence of the institution of vocational guidance

As surveys of students in the upper grades show, most of them, even at the last stages of getting a basic education, do not have a clear idea of the choice of their future profession. Of course, you can name several specialties and niches that are in demand in our time, but in a rapidly changing market and technological development it is difficult to say which professions can be useful for years through 5. Accordingly, the problems of education in Russia are to some extent expressed by schoolchildren's insecurity To obtain specific knowledge.

According to experts, students should have an idea about the possible direction of their further development in terms of education. Of course, this does not in the least eliminate the need to obtain a wide range of knowledge. The solution of such problems in the West is the attraction of successful people who have made a career in this or that sphere. As a rule, they are recognized specialists who share their experience with schoolchildren and students.

Lack of practical orientation of education

From the above problem, another unresolved problem arises: the practical orientation of education. Even if the student determines for himself the direction of further development in the early stages, he will not have the opportunity to learn the practical skills as much as possible in the learning process. The Russian education system is more oriented towards the production of young scientists with a theoretical basis. Such problems of education in Russia are manifested in the future, when graduates can not organically fit into the conditions of real activity. And it's not even so much about getting practice in its traditional understanding. It is much more important at the learning stage to be able to navigate the market of professions and services, understanding where and how specific skills can be claimed.

Limiting the abilities of gifted children

The notorious "leveling" is still on the list of the main problems of domestic education. Unfortunately, even the modern system does not allow children to rise higher than most of their classmates. The five-point system, in particular, does not allow encouraging students who want to go beyond the boundaries of standard programs. We can say that work on standard programs and methods is a common problem of modern education and science, which hamper development in both areas. The originality of thinking, of course, finds its own ways of expression, but the school and the university should strongly encourage and support such aspirations. And this is not to mention the lack of training in individual programs, which are much more effective than standard methods that smooth out the personal characteristics of students.

Problems of Higher Education

The last 20 years there was a whole series of changes that significantly transformed higher education in the Russian Federation. The main result of the reforms was the commercialization of universities and giving them complete freedom from the state. Most of modern universities are almost commercial organizations that take money for their services from students. Of course, this situation causes other problems of modern education and science, which, among other things, are expressed in the low level of knowledge. Similar problems arise with the accessibility of higher education. Theoretically it can get any graduate of the school. Next are the nuances of personnel formation of universities. The growth of their number against the backdrop of a deficit of professional teachers also does not allow to ensure the training of a specialist at the proper level.

Causes of education problems

As already noted, one reason to explain the current problems in education is impossible. On the one hand, it is possible to name weak positions of the state, which does not participate in the support of universities, does not fund schools and practically does not stimulate pupils and students to acquire new knowledge. But the problems in the education system are explained not only by state policy. The reluctance of the teaching staff to introduce new technologies into the learning processes causes the backwardness of Russian schools and universities against the backdrop of European educational institutions. For example, one of the most high-profile novelties of recent years has become interactive means, which are actively introduced in many Western schools. But in Russia even large educational institutions are reluctant to perceive such innovations. Of course, one can not ignore the reluctance of schoolchildren and students to learn from the reasons that cause the problems of domestic education. But also these factors are closely intertwined with the lack of incentives and a general understanding of the benefits of knowledge.

The main problems of science

Many of the problems of education are characteristic of science. First of all, this is a lack of funding. The activity in this area requires considerable investments - only in this case one can count on high results of research and new developments. But the problems of Russian science are connected not only with the technical arrangement of laboratories. According to many experts, domestic science lacks a clear indication of goals and objectives. As a result, inconsistency of activity and, as a result, inability to implement innovative priorities are observed.

Ways to solve problems

Most of the concepts that offer the creation of conditions for a natural solution to the problems of education imply an initial orientation toward students, rather than the development and continuous improvement of new rules and standards. In other words, the school should not compel and control, but stimulate the development concerned. From this point of view, the solution to the problems of education occurs through the motivation for an independent search for answers to questions. For their part, teachers and teachers should evaluate the proposed solutions, taking into account the originality of the approaches used. Important in this process is the motivational component, which causes interest in the student or student for further research.

Prospective directions of development

Both in the education system and in science there is a huge gap between theory and practice. The school is in no way connected with the labor market, the mechanisms of which are knowledge with specialist skills, and scientific activity does not take into account the interests of financial groups. Therefore, the most promising direction, the movement on which the problems of the development of education and the scientific branch can solve, is the merging of theoretical thought and viable segments of the market. At the same time, the effectiveness of this merger is possible only with the support of the state. Still, without adequate funding, it is impossible to talk about the implementation of promising knowledge and projects developed on their basis.

Conclusion

In recent years, Russia is in search of an optimal education system. This is evidenced by the reform of this segment. Nevertheless, attempts to introduce changes do not yet solve the problems of modern education and science, but only change their character. If we talk about the most acute tasks facing the state in this direction today, there is a lack of funding and a lack of focus in scientific and educational activities. That is, with a high development potential, domestic schools and universities provide a fairly modest return.