Present Perfect Tense - one of the most difficult for the Russian perception of the times

Perfect times in English are considered the most difficult for Russians. Since this time is logically incomprehensible to Russian thinking and has no analogues in our native language. But for students of classical English, it is important to be guided by Ingilizce Present Perfect Tense. Of course, in our time, the British do not particularly use this fastidious time and look with astonishment at those who speak clearly according to the rules of the language. Still, you need to learn how to correctly use this time. After all, a quality knowledge of a foreign language provides us with many layers of life: from work to household relations.

Present Perfect Tense

So, it is important to understand and understand how to correctly "build" this time, correctly applying all the rules. To correctly express your thoughts in any foreign language, it is important to clearly understand and understand all the rules of his times.

To form a sentence in time Present Perfect Tense, you need to use the auxiliary verb to have and the main verb (semantic) in the third form, if it's an irregular verb or with the addition of the ending -ed.

For example: He has already done his work. "He's already done his job."

It is important to note that this time is not applied in English in sentences with elements indicating the elapsed time. E. With the circumstances of time, place.

For example: I saw him at the cinema. "I saw him at the movies."

When using Present Perfect Tense, the emphasis is not on time, but on the result itself.

So, very few people know, but for people who learn English in depth, it is necessary to know that Present Perfect Simple Tense is divided into Perfect Tense 1, 2, 3.

Perfect Tense 1

Used to express the completed action, which is past, but at the same time part of the present moment. This time answers the question: "What did?"

For example: He hasn`t done his work yet. "He has not done his homework yet."

He has just called. "He just called."

It is important to note that in order to express the state, a simple present time is used.

For example: He is ill. - He's sick. / He's sick.

NB The circumstances of the time can still be used in Present Perfect Tense. We can say that the following circumstances of the time are characteristic precisely for the perfect time. So:

• He just called here.
• She already has her work done.
• I have never been to London.
• Ever (Have you ever been to London? - Have you ever been to London?);
• Yet (I haven`t done my homeworl yet. - I have not done my homework yet.);
• Recently he has been sad recently.
• This week, day, year etc. I met him three times today.

Present Perfect T. 1 is not used in interrogative sentences with "when ...".

Sometimes the situation is clear from the context, and in this case we use the time that is needed.

For example: I had just come from Paris. "I just returned from Paris."

Did you stay long there? "Have you been there long?"

Present Perfect T. 2

Perfect Tense 2 performs the same function as the Present Perfect Continuous Tense. They are used to express events that began in the past and last to the present day or have ended before the present moment and, possibly, will continue in the future. As a rule, such constructions of words are accompanied by prepositions for, since, lately, recently.

For example: I have parted with her for twenty years. - I broke up with her for 20 years.

Present Perfect T. 3

It is used in those situations where a certain event happens only after certain conditions in the future. As mentioned above, this time can not be used with the word "when", but in a situation where there are actions in the future, you must use it according to the rule. This, of course, is not entirely clear to begin with, but if you understand, you can understand that the logic in this everything is present.

For example: When I have passed all my exams, I will go to home. - When I pass all the exams, I will go home.

Present Perfect Continuous

As for this time, it is also divided into options: 1 st and 2 nd.

It is formed with the help of the design have been (auxiliary verb) and adding the ending -ing to the semantic verb. This time answers the question: "What did you do?"

Time Present Perfect Tense 1 is used to express an action that started in the past, but lasts up to the present moment and, possibly, will continue in the future. As you can see, the same function is performed by Present Perfect T. 2. But between these times there is a fine line that a person who speaks the language should feel. So, instead of Perfect Continius 1, we can use Present Perfect 2 in the following situations:

1. With stative verbs. It is necessary to cut yourself on the nose that the Present Perfect Continuous is never used with stative verbs. And in general, Continuous in any form should never be accompanied by stative verbs.
2. In negative sentences: I haven`t read anything intersting for ages. "I have not read anything interesting for ages."
3. With some durative verbs. Typically, to show that the situation began in the past and continues to the present day: I have always lived in this street. "I live on this street all the time."

Present Perfect Tense 2 answers the question: "What did?" And it is used in situations where the action lasted recently and has an impact on events at the moment or explains the state of things at the present time.

For example: The road are wet. It has been raining. - The road is wet. It was raining.

Past Perfect Tense

This is a completed action, considered to be a past, which is only used in conjunction with other actions, but not independently.

If you have already dealt with the topic that is described above, then it will be much easier to understand this. After all, Past Perfect Tense, Past Tense, Present Perfect Tense have identical functions, but there is still a difference between them.

Past Perfect Tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb to have in the past tense and the semantic verb with the ending -ed, and if the verb is wrong, then it must be used in the third form.

So, this time is also divided into 3 options: 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd.

Past Perfect Tense 1 is used to express actions that have been completed before a certain point in the past.

For example: When I came to the station, the bus had gone. - When I arrived at the station, the bus had already left.

Past Perfect Tense 2 is used to express actions that started at a certain point and lasted until some point in the past. Find similarities to Present Perfect Tense?

Usually Past Perfect Continuous should be used in this situation, but Past Perfect 2 is used in the following situations:

• With stative verbs. (We knew that they had been friends since childhood.) - We knew that they had been friends since childhood.
• In negative sentences.
• With dynamic verbs. In this situation, the difference between Continuous and simply Past Perfect is barely noticeable.

Past Perfect Tense 3 is used to express future events that will be past in the past.

For example: He said that he would come only after she had apologized. "He said that he would come only after she asked for forgiveness."

But the question arises as to why the British use so many times. The answer is simple. The English like order in everything. Therefore, for each case, the Englishman will find a special time, with which help it is best to get the basic idea.