Preference is a preference. Kinds of preferences

The number of words-barbarisms (borrowed from other peoples) in the Russian language is constantly increasing. Let's talk today about what a preference is.

Origin of the word

The word "preference", in English preference, began to be widely used since the end of the XIX century, the heyday of the colonial policy of the largest metropolitan countries. At the heart of these borrowings lies the Latin praefero (prefer). Therefore, preference is a preference. Well, it sounds beautiful. Only not always appropriate. Therefore, in this or that field of activity, the concept in question has its own semantic nuances. The word under investigation is most often used in international trade, financial and customs relations. Like almost all borrowed words, "preference" has many "twins". Favor, privilege, privilege, priority, continuity and immunity are all synonyms, or words that have a similar lexical meaning.

Scope of the term

With such a large number of interpretations, the scale of the application of the said word is not at all surprising. It is widely used in political, economic, legal, social, financial, but especially in customs terminology. There are preferential shares, debts, tariffs, regimes, duties, differences. There is preferential voting, licensing and preferential trade agreements. That is, preference is an accent, it emphasizes the priority of something, or the greater significance of something. Thus, debts classified as preferential debts need immediate repayment. That is, this adjective emphasizes the priority of the noun following it.

The first practical application of preferences

Most often, preferences are considered as a necessary component of the customs and tariff policy. Prior to the First World War, this policy was applied by the metropolitan countries with respect to their colonies with a view to robbing the latter. To prevent third countries from entering the domestic market, which could allow satellite powers or colonies to sell their raw materials and goods at more favorable prices. In other words, preferential treatment is not only privileges and preferences, but also a restraining bridle, which provides diktat from major world powers. At that time it was England, France, Germany and Belgium, countries with a large number of colonies.

In our time, with the existence of a large number of economic communities, it is simply impossible to imagine the movement of goods without a system of benefits or customs discounts. All these actions to create favorable conditions for the further development of states are called "granting preferences". The Customs Union, established in 2010 between Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, very well demonstrates the benefits of using preferential tariffs and tariffs.

International benefits and preferences

At the international level, the Generalized System of Preferences, created in 1971, was created to create preferential terms for goods produced in developing countries and sold in economically developed countries. What, ultimately, should contribute to the development of production and growth of the economies of countries that receive assistance. This is ideal. Thus, preferential terms were created for Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, countries that left the Warsaw Pact. And then the economic preferences begin to acquire a political connotation. At the international level, this happens very often. Therefore, sometimes preferences are a system of privileges granted on harsh conditions and provision of which is strictly stipulated. You can apply to the more loyal countries the most-favored-nation treatment, or the least. The gap between these rates is called the preferential difference.

But the term "preference", as already noted, is used in a variety of industries, including construction. Who can argue that the erection of Olympic facilities did not have a preferential character in all respects? Or the rearming of the army, or the development of the Far East, or the improvement of the education system? ..

Structural component of preferential policy

Preferential policies can be state, regional, municipal. But it is always targeted. As an example, consider preferences in 2013: Ministry of Energy proposed to establish a 15% discount for manufacturers of pharmacological products. In the same year, two ministries - the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Education - offered the program "Preferences for young mothers". Women under the age of 23 who have one or more children were given the opportunity (and the conditions for studying or re-qualifying at special courses were created). At stake is the demographic program of the state. Women need to be assured of adaptation to new conditions, in which they will plunge after leaving maternity leave. The average age of women who decided to give birth to the first child was moved to 25 years. And this suggests that the representatives of the weaker sex rely only on their strengths. Experts say - you need to take into account all the subtleties of the issue, and besides the maternity capital and other payments provided by the state, it is necessary to create all conditions for women to believe in their own protection.

The meaning and purpose of the General System of Tariff Preferences

Of the international preferences in 2013, preferential treatment for Russian goods imported into the European Union countries still operated. In 2014, this preference will be abolished. In the European Union, established in 1993, there is the General System of Tariff Preferences (GSP), developed in 1964 and approved by the 2nd United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in 1968. This system assumes the obligatory provision by all industrialized countries of tariff preferences to developing countries in the form of a unilateral concession. Throughout all these years, the basic postulates of the OSB have not changed significantly. Only countries that were granted preferences or beneficiary countries were constantly changing, the volume of privileges was also changed, the regime was simplified. The developing countries themselves have undergone differentiation, in order to identify the most underdeveloped countries. Environmental threats are also taken into account.