Population of Russia. Territorial structure of the population of Russia by subjects of the federation

The inhabitants of the planet have always been characterized by migration. People are looking for the most pleasant living conditions and are moving around the country. To manage the state, planning social and economic activities, it is necessary to study the distribution of the population of Russia. Let's talk about how the population is distributed across the country, what is the historical dynamics and the current state of the territorial structure of the population in our state.

Geography of Russia

The largest state in the world is the Russian Federation. It is located in Europe and Asia and occupies more than 17 million square meters. Km. The borders of Russia are washed by the waters of three oceans. The state borders 18 countries of the world. On the territory of Russia there are mountains and plains, here there are about 2.5 million rivers. The size of the state is huge, therefore in different regions there are absolutely different conditions for life. Since the country is in the northern hemisphere, then in most of its subjects dominates the continental climate with the dominance of cold options. Most of Russia is in the zone of risky farming. There are 9 natural zones in the country: arctic ice deserts, forever cold tundra, forest-tundra, impenetrable taiga, forests, forest-steppes, not comfortable steppes, hot semi-deserts and deserts, humid subtropics. The location of the Russian population is connected with these conditions, it is very heterogeneous.

Administrative-territorial division of Russia

Geographically, Russia is divided into three main parts: Europe, Siberia and the Far East. According to the Constitution, Russia is a federation, i.e. Unites equitable actors. In the country such territorial units of different status are allocated, including autonomous regions and republics, regions, regions and cities of federal significance. In total, the Russian Federation includes 85 different subjects. The largest of them are the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (the largest administrative and territorial unit in the world, its area is more than 3 million sq. Km.) And the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the area of which is 2.3 million sq. Km. Km.

Some metropolitan areas, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Vladivostok and others, are headed not only by their subjects, but also by the federal districts. In total there are 8 such units in the country. Also, many cities with a million population, for example, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Kazan, have huge agglomerations and in the future may become separate subjects of the Federation. The territorial and administrative structure of the state is mobile and periodically undergoes changes.

Population density

For effective management of the territory, it is necessary to understand how many people live on it and what are the tendencies. For this purpose, the concept of population density is introduced in demography. It shows how many people live on one square kilometer. The higher this indicator, the more difficult it is to provide people with the necessary resources and create comfortable living conditions for them. The highest density of population in Russia falls on megacities - this is Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar. Based on density, scientists draw up maps and charts of the distribution of the population throughout the country. This allows us to forecast the number of inhabitants of the region and plan economic and economic activity.

Population distribution: historical dynamics

Several factors influence the placement of the Russian population. First of all, the climate. Historically, people prefer to live in warmer regions with a lot of food resources. Therefore, Russia's population has always been concentrated in more comfortable parts of the country. The historical settlement scheme is a large wedge. Its wide part runs along the western border of the country, from Rostov to St. Petersburg. The northern part of the wedge connects St. Petersburg, Vologda, Perm, Yekaterinburg, and Krasnoyarsk. And the southern border passes through Rostov, Saratov, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk. Then the wedge turns into a narrow strip along the railway to Vladivostok. Despite the development of transport and the economy, this population distribution varies little with time. Although the eastern part of the wedge has expanded significantly with time. It can be seen that at the end of the 19th century, 94% of the population lived in the European part of the country, today this figure is 20%. If you look at the climate map of the country and combine it with the population density, you can see that 72% of people live in areas where the average winter temperature does not drop below 16 degrees below zero.

Modern features of the population of Russia

The inhabitants of any country are constantly migrating, this process is unstoppable and is explained by various factors. In the 20th century, the features of the population of Russia (the scheme is attached) are changing. The development of technology, transport and infrastructure contributes to the fact that the northern and eastern suburbs are becoming quite active. In the 20th century, the number of the population in the Far Eastern District and in the north of the European part increased particularly dramatically. However, the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century again showed the outflow of population from these regions. During this period the urbanization of the country has greatly increased. The average population density in Russia is 8.3 people per square meter. Km, which is more than 5 times lower than the average for the planet.

Urban and rural residents

An important factor in locating the inhabitants of the country is the economic factor. People tend to go where there are more opportunities to meet different needs, and this is more of a city than a village. The urbanization of Russia acquires an almost menacing appearance. If at the end of the 19th century 15% of the population lived in cities, today this figure is confidently approaching the figure of 74%. Most of all people come to big cities, which are growing rapidly due to mass outflow of the population from villages.

The most populated regions

The largest population density, of course, is observed in large cities - this is Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar. In Russia there is a very strong bias in the number of residents between the European and Asian parts. On the map you can see that the Central, Southern and Volga federal districts are overpopulated, while the Siberian and the Far East are inhabited sporadically.

Least inhabited regions

Accommodation of the population of Russia is connected with climatic and economic conditions. The most uncomfortable and least populated subjects of the country are the Chukotka Autonomous District (0.07 people per sq. Km.), The Nenets AO (0.25 people per sq. Km) and Yakutia (0.31 people per sq. Km).