Political pluralism: the main approaches to understanding

The category of "political pluralism" has a fairly broad interpretation, the reason for this is the fully explainable property of politics itself, which is interpreted both at ordinary and scientific levels, is also very broad. Among this variety of interpretations and interpretations of pluralism, one can distinguish one property that unites all approaches to the understanding of pluralism as such - the principle of political pluralism is a complete negation of political monopoly in the life of society.

The diversity and heterogeneity of elements of political life and the organization of society is one of its key parameters, but not the only one. Political pluralism presupposes a number of other signs that are directly or indirectly linked and interact with each other and act together as characteristics of pluralism as a political phenomenon.

For example, political pluralism sees in the competition and rivalry of political elites and leaders not only a manifestation of the democratic principles of the organization of power, but also a resource that stimulates the development of the diversity of political institutions of society, which, in turn, will reflect the interests of the broadest social circle of people. Such diversity contributes to a more qualitative design of power, it is with this model that an effective application of the system of balances of power, checks, mutual control and interrelationship is ensured.

An essential feature, which includes political pluralism, is the autonomy and equality of the political institutions of society at the social level. Only when every member of society, regardless of belonging to any political institution, will be free in a political choice, only then in the society as a whole are the necessary conditions for the development of political creativity of the masses, rational search for the most effective ways of development for the whole society.

Political pluralism also implies the rejection of violence and dictatorship, as forms of conducting and organizing political interaction between agents of political activity. Resolution of political contradictions and conflicts on the basis of a pluralistic approach provides for the possibility of solving problems only by peaceful means. It is always recognized the possibility of finding a compromise, consensus, but even if such an option is not possible, the binding principles of political interaction remain tolerance for the political opponent, mutual respect for the individual.

Institutional manifestation of pluralism in any society is a multiparty system. It is understood as legal action on a political field within the framework of a law, two or more political parties representing the interests of any social strata of society. At the same time, it is not necessary to confuse the multiparty system as a system of organizing political power in the country, when it acts, for example, only as a forced measure of some political forces, creating a bloc or coalition for the sake of retaining power.

In addition, it is generally accepted that multiparty systems are more effective from the point of view of developing rational approaches to formulate promising tasks for the development of the whole society. Although they are not ideal. Numerous examples of the organization of political life in the countries of the West make it possible to make sure that, with a formal declaration of political pluralism in these countries, many independent political agents are simply not able not only to gain power and formal attributes of power, but they can not even access The media, in order to publicly express their political views and preferences.