Polina Pearl: "Born by the Revolution"

The biography of this black-haired low-growth woman with intelligent eyes was carefully studied by historians. And some of them, having analyzed massive folders with documents and protocols of interrogations, signed by "committeeers" in the winter of 1949, still can not understand how a simple girl from Zaporozhye was able to pull out a lucky ticket and become the wife of a person holding a responsible post in the government of the Land of Soviets .

Undoubtedly, Polina Zhemchuzhina could not have predicted that, having become Molotov's wife, he would subsequently supervise important branches of the economy in the USSR. But she still assigned a certain role in building communism, as eloquently evidenced by the time span, which falls on the years of her youth.

Childhood and youth

Polina Zhemchuzhina (originally Pearl Semenovna Karpovskaya) is a native of the settlement of Pologi, located in the Aleksandrovsky district of Ekaterinoslav province. She was born on March 11, 1897. Her father was a simple tailor. Already a teenager, Polina began to work. First she got a cigarette factory at a tobacco factory, after a while she moved to work as a cashier in a drugstore.

And soon, in the "political" consciousness of the girl, cardinal changes took place: under the influence of propaganda materials and propaganda, she becomes an adherent of the ideas of social equality.

"The Party of Lenin is the strength of the people"

At age 21, Polina Zhemchuzhina becomes a member of the Bolshevik Party and joins the Red Army, where she conducts active agitation propaganda among the fighters. Then she moved to Kiev, where the young Bolshevik continued the political work. In Kharkov, the girl will receive a document proving her identity, addressed to Polina Semyonovna Zhemchuzhina. Soon in the party career of the girl there will be a serious turn.

Fateful meeting

In the early 20-ies of the last century, the First International Women's Congress was scheduled in the Soviet capital. Polina Zhemchuzhina was sent to him as a delegate from the Zaporozhye City Committee. As part of the presidium sat himself Vyacheslav Molotov. He even noticed a young Bolshevik from Zaporozhye, despite the fact that there were a huge number of girls in the audience-colleagues.

The future Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR met with a young activist and invited her not to return to Ukraine. So Polina Pearl remained in Moscow.

Life in the capital

In Moscow, she got a job as an instructor at the Rogozhsko-Simonovsky District Committee of the RCP (B.). During this period, she became very close to Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, and he later offers her a hand and heart. Polina Semenovna Pearl agrees. With their husband, they first lived in the same communal apartment with Stalin's family, and then parted, but remained neighbors with the "leader of the peoples." The wife of Molotov becomes a close friend of his wife Joseph Vissarionovich. They have many things in common: social status, age and party work.

Work experience

Polina Zhemchuzhina goes to study at the Plekhanov Institute's economic faculty, and after receiving the diploma, the Bolshevik takes up employment at the New Dawn perfumery factory as secretary of the party cell. In the early 30's, she will already lead this solid enterprise. In the prewar years, Polina Zhemchuzhina, whose biography contains many noteworthy and interesting facts, will supervise the leading areas of activity in the Soviet People's Commissariats.

In particular, she headed the synthetic, soap-making, perfumery-cosmetic, and fishing industries. Soon Polina Zhemchuzhina (Molotov's wife) began to claim the right to join the Central Committee of the CPSU (B.), But events took place that radically altered her later life.

Alarm signals for Stalin

At the end of the 1930s, the Chekists managed to establish that the spouse of the USSR Foreign Minister was in correspondence with his sister living in Palestine. This was the first swallow that threatened Polina Semyonovna to become disgraced for power.

In the winter of 1941, the Pearl was expelled from the list of candidates for the party apparatus. She decided to focus on the work of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. As is known, after the war this structure began to be positioned as a dangerous organizational and nationalist center. However, according to his inner convictions, Stalin refused to include it in the Zionist cause. But he was just enraged by the deed the Pearl had done - she visited the synagogue. He also did not like the fact that Polina Semyonovna was frank with writer I. Ferer, informing that she does not believe in the official version of the death of the artist Mikhoels. In addition, the leader disliked that the Pearl met with the Israeli ambassador Golda Meir. Iosif Vissarionovich decided to send his wife Molotov to exile, by accusing her of corruption as head of the light industry.

As a result, she was sentenced to 5 years of exile and sent to the Kustanai region. The political authority of her husband was seriously shaken, and he was forced to divorce the Pearl, although he was very fond of her.

Shortly before leaving Stalin's life, Polina Semyonovna was sent from Kazakhstan to Moscow to begin interrogations on a new case, the figurine of which she had become. She was prepared to spend the rest of her life in isolation from society.

The long-awaited freedom

But fate was supportive of the wife of Molotov. Immediately after the death of the leader, Lavrenty Beria personally rehabilitated her. From such news, the Pearl even lost consciousness. After a while she was already going to the dacha to her husband. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich was beside himself with happiness, seeing that Polina Zhemchuzhina was still alive. Children in the family were there?

This question can also be of interest to many. Polina Semenovna gave birth to a single daughter Svetlana, who later chose the work of a research fellow at the Institute of World History.

The pearl died on May 1, 1970. The cause of death is oncology. They buried Pauline Semyonovna at the Novodevichy cemetery of the capital.