Pile driving machine: principle of operation, technical characteristics, photo, device. Types of piling machines

At the beginning of construction, laying of the foundation is necessary. It is he who takes the load of all the structural elements, and provides stability. Therefore, the construction of a solid foundation is the prime objective of any construction company. To create it, you need to build a pile structure. Piles are concrete pillars, which are hammered into the ground. As a rule, they are made of concrete. Pile driving machine is used for fast execution of this work.

General information

This technique was created back in Soviet times. At first it was used for construction in a cold climatic zone. That is, some devices could not cope with heavy hard ground. After that, they began to mass produce and use when creating a foundation on different construction sites.

The foundation is constructed when the soil has weak properties and is unable to withstand future structures. The pile driving machine clogs the piles to more solid layers of soil. It is also used to quickly build a foundation. It becomes more reliable, and economically advantageous. It is also used to install screw piles. They are twisted into the ground for a certain distance, and provide a reliable support. The screw type is used for complex terrain.

The pile-driving plant can work under any climatic conditions, that is it is able to function at outdoor temperatures from -40 ° C to + 40 ° C. Wind speed is not taken into account.

Manufacturers

The leading manufacturers of piling machines are Sweden, Italy, Japan and Germany. The Chelyabinsk machine-building plant is the leader in the domestic market. It offers a wide range of devices of good quality. In addition, they offer spare parts for the equipment, as well as assist in the repair or replacement of structural elements. Issue quality cars, they supply them not only in Russia, but also in other countries.

Application

The piling machine is used for the construction of bridges, roads, as well as large industrial plants. It can be found also in the conditions of ordinary construction, where the plant operates continuously. It happens that piles are not slaughtered, but produced on construction sites. In this case, the work of the machine is to drill holes at a certain depth. Further, the valve is lowered into the borehole and concrete is poured.

Basic views

There are such types of piling machines:

• Rail - installed on the rails. This type is used in the construction of residential areas, industrial facilities or other facilities where it is necessary to use a large number of piles. The main advantage is power. Among the shortcomings highlight complexity in the construction, cumbersomeness and high cost.
• Crawler - such installations are more powerful and can be rotated to greater angles. If there is no need to install a rail type, the caterpillar type of machines is used. They can be found in the construction of civil buildings, industrial facilities, as well as in the construction of berths and ports. Work on a pile driving machine of this type is too slow. For transportation to other construction sites, additional platforms should be used.
• Wheel - the main advantages are high speed of movement.

Constructional elements of equipment

The pile driving machine depends on the operating principle. So, there are such types of installations:

1. Mechanical machines. They are a massive and heavy percussion instrument, mounted on special rods. Heavy hammer rises to a distance of about 5 meters using a rope device. Further, it clogs the pile until it is lowered to a certain depth. Their disadvantage is low productivity, so they are not used in those construction sites where a large amount of work needs to be done.
2. Vibrating machines. This equipment is used only in the presence of soft soil, for example, loam or sand. In their design, imbalances are provided which, during operation, create a strong vibration. In the future, it affects the pile, and it sinks. A shock moment is used together with vibration. Pile can be pulled out at any time, if there is a need. Pile driving machine, the photo of which is presented in the article, is a quality and reliable equipment.
3. Impact machines. A special cylinder is installed at the top of the unit, then the impactor will move on it later. When the hammer falls, the air inside the cylinder contracts. When hit on the pile, compressed air and fuel are connected, which generates additional energy, which is sent to the reinforced dive. Part of it is spent on returning the impactor to its original position. In the upper part of the machine there are valves. Some serve for air intake, while others serve for the removal of combustion products. Some serve for air intake, while others serve for the removal of combustion products. Due to its strength, this type of equipment is widely used both for civil and industrial purposes.

Pile driving machine: technical specifications

Among the technical characteristics are allocated such as:

• performance;
• Depth of piling;
• Overall dimensions of the pile;
• Lifting speed;
• Carrying capacity;
• The overall dimensions of the mast and its slope;
• Tractor performance.

When choosing a pile-driving device, first of all pay attention to the maximum diameter of the pile, as well as its length.

Pile driving machine: operating principle

The principle of the pile driving machine is the continuous drilling of the soil. This applies to drilling rigs. By means of the screw rotation, a well of a certain depth is obtained. After this, the pile is lowered into it and is driven into the ground with the help of a percussion instrument. The whole process of work is performed by the driver, sitting in the cab. This is very convenient, because if you need to do another action, you do not need to transport the device and change the structural details. With the help of this equipment, the following actions are performed:

• The pile rises at a distance of 5 meters and is fixed in the hammer support;
• The future direction of the pile entry is established;
• Driving the support;
• Removing extra pile elements.

The piling of the pile occurs until the mark given in the construction project is reached. In this case, an order is given for refusal. This mark shows the depth at the last hammer blow.

In the process, builders keep an eye on the angle of the pile's tilt. If the indicator is rejected, then work is performed to return to the specified parameters. If the actions do not help, then the pile is pulled out and the process is restarted.

Reviews

The piling machine is used in the construction of foundations of various civil and industrial buildings. Any builder who does this is familiar with this equipment. There were no special complaints about the work, some solid positive responses. The equipment can fail only in the event that it is incorrectly picked up under the construction site. This takes into account the nature of the soil, climatic conditions and type of work. There are only minor drawbacks when using rail and caterpillar types. The negative side of the first type is the cumbersome design, high cost and time consuming to install it. The disadvantages of tracked vehicles is the problem in transportation. For transportation to another construction site, it is necessary to use special platforms.

Cost

Of course, to buy a pile driving machine is quite expensive. They are needed for many construction companies that will later be involved in the installation of foundations. For today their cost reaches 500 thousand dollars.

Obviously, this amount can not be drawn by everyone. For one-time use, you can rent equipment. This method is becoming more common. Depending on the technical characteristics and features of the construction site, different kinds of piling equipment are leased. The price varies from five hundred to four thousand rubles per hour of work.

Conclusion

When choosing a piling machine, it is necessary to take into account the type of work, as well as the climatic conditions of the terrain and the condition of the soil. Another important indicator is the amount of construction work. Not all pile-driving plants are able to perform the required volume. If all factors are taken into account correctly, then the foundation will be durable and reliable. Pile drivers, whose characteristics meet all the building conditions, perform high-quality work. In addition, additional drilling equipment can be installed on this technique, which serves to produce wells of different depths.

So, we found out all the main features of these machines.