Philosophy as a form of worldview. The main types of worldview and the function of philosophy

Throughout life, each person acquires certain knowledge in a different way. A world outlook is the result of the process of cognition and the foundation of the thinking of the individual. This concept characterizes the relationship between the world and human consciousness, and also serves as a definition for the capabilities of the individual. Philosophy as a theoretical form of outlook is regarded as the main, in the process of knowledge of the world.

The essence of being in terms of acquired knowledge

A look at the surrounding reality is a set of fundamental thoughts that determine the position of the individual in society, help to understand what is happening in the world, and generalize the knowledge gained. Philosophy as a form of worldview Is one of the levels of vision of the necessity of earthly existence.

The knowledge, goals, beliefs and expectations obtained in the course of life combine as a result into one picture of the worldview. A component of the general perception of the world is information of a different nature:

• Everyday knowledge;
• Life;
• Practical;
• Scientific and professional.

Therefore, in every historical period people have different levels of knowledge.

Intellectual reserves determine the worldview of the individual at the stage of becoming as an individual. Correctly chosen principles help a person to develop harmoniously and be a full member of the society. But the chosen goals and foundations of existence among different representatives of the human race can be radically different.

Orientations of levels of outlook

There are two main levels of outlook:

1. Life-practical. Characterized by the spontaneous acquisition of knowledge under the influence of religious and national beliefs. A special effect is the opinion of the public and the adoption of someone else's experience in their lives. All skills are acquired gradually and are based solely on observations and experiences.
2. Theoretical. Characterized by the presence of historically established knowledge, which is based on evidence. Philosophy as a form of consciousness and the type of worldview is on a significant place of the theoretical level.

Forms of Worldview

The history of mankind distinguishes three main categories, reflecting the worldview of man. These include:

• mythology;
• religion;
• philosophy.

As forms of outlook, they carry a different cumulative burden and have different values for the people.

Mythology as the earliest form of social consciousness

Since ancient times, people have been trying to find the rationale behind each process. The peculiarities of perception of the environment were fantastic fantasies and realistic motives. Their main idea was:

• Attempts to explain the origin of the human race;
• The Universe;
• Natural processes;
• Life and death;
• Signs of fate;
• The first explanations of the concepts of morality and other important events.

Myth is a form of worldview. Philosophy: the myth humanizes all the characters of the historical period, admits the existence of fantastic creatures and deifies them. They consider their interaction with human individuals and assess the level of their relationship.

All mythological plot lines are monotonous and do not have dynamic development. The appearance of fairy-tale predictions has a practical focus, which is determined by the solution of the tasks posed. Most often they took care of rescue from natural disasters, trying to protect farm buildings, crops and livestock.

Religion as a form of worldview

Belief in supernatural processes that are not subject to man has given rise to a new form of worldview - religion. The presence of a fantastic subtext in all the processes that take place has an impact on the life path of a person and his thoughts. The subconscious always finds a sensual and emotional image, denying a rational approach to perceiving what is happening around.

By the way, religion has not only an ideological function, but also plays a role in uniting and consolidating society, for the purpose of discussing inspirational ideas. Culturological themes of religion contribute to the total spread of certain values to the masses. Its moral function is reflected in the cultivation in the public consciousness of an ideal picture of the world in which love, mutual help, honesty, tolerance, decency, compassion and respect reigns.

Philosophy as a special type of worldview

Philosophy as an independent form of consciousness has distinct differences from the religious and mythological currents, suggesting other types and forms of worldview. Philosophy has a scientific and theoretical essence. The thought reflexively processes itself, based not on fictitious knowledge, but on the evidence-conscious level of perception. It includes:

• General principles of existence (they include ontology and metaphysical knowledge);
• Development of the public (history and society);
• Anthropological knowledge;
• creation;
• Aesthetic aspect;
• Culturology.

Philosophy as a special form of worldview gives the world an assessment of all existing knowledge, presenting a picture of the world as an integral system with interrelated parameters. Considering the types and forms of the world outlook, philosophy is the highest stage, endowed with logical thinking, a theoretical foundation and a systematized block of knowledge. Beliefs give credibility to the pursuit of truth.

The meaning of philosophy

Religion, philosophy are the forms of the worldview of a deep spiritual meaning. Almost 2,5 thousand years ago the philosophical doctrine was born as independent in the most prosperous countries of that time (India, China, Greece). It was the Greeks who allowed philosophy to become the domain of the spiritual life of society. And initially the thorough translation of the term in question consisted in two words - "love of wisdom."

The basic forms of the world view - philosophy, religion and mythology appeared at the time of extreme necessity for rational development of the public. These exercises made it possible to systematize knowledge and give them clear names and classifications. When the evolution of the human race reached a certain level, it was possible to compile a holistic picture of the world.

Philosophers sought to absorb all existing knowledge, so they were distinguished by a wealth of erudition and a high level of intelligence. Pioneers in enlightening the people of wisdom: Heraclitus, Thales, Anaximander.

Philosophy at all times considers knowledge of the world as a single organism in which man lives. It serves as a theoretical basis for understanding the surrounding reality.

Functions of philosophy

For the first time, philosophy as a form of worldview was mentioned by Pythagoras. He also identified the main functional features of this direction:

• World outlook . Human perception has the ability to form a complete picture for the realization of reality. Worldview helps a person to determine the meaning of life, to feel the principles of mutual communication with others, to get an idea of the structure of the planet and the conditions of life on it.
• Methodological . Thanks to philosophy, fundamental methods are created for the knowledge of the existence of the world, defining the surrounding reality as an object of investigation.
• Thought-theoretical. Philosophy as a form of outlook teaches proper thinking, helping to build the right arguments based on the generalization of facts about the surrounding reality. Promotes the development of concretization skills and logical solutions. Like mythology, the form of the world view - philosophy - considers the relationship between the beings of nature.
• Epistemological . Promotes the development of a correct life position, awareness of the current reality, develops cognitive mechanisms.
• Critical . The historical forms of the world outlook in philosophy cast doubt on the surrounding reality, and also suggest a search for contradictions and an assessment of quality. The fundamental task of this process is the opportunity to expand the boundaries of knowledge and increase the percentage of reliability of information.
• Axiological . This function is responsible for assessing the surrounding world from the perspective of a value reference. The most important dogmas: the moral and moral aspect, ethical norms, social and ideological. The axiological function is a kind of filter that helps to pass through the sieve of knowledge the most needed and useful, throwing away the destructive, obsolete and pulling down.
• Social . It presupposes an attempt to explain the reasons for creating a society, considering the society from the point of view of evolutionary development. Identifies forces that can change and improve the existing social flow.
• Educative and humanitarian. This function instills in the human society ideal values, strengthens morality and morality, improves the process of adaptation and helps members of society to find their place in life.
• Prognostic . Allows to define ways of the further development on the basis of the available information, and also to carry out forecasts for the future years. Defines the tendency to more thorough study of the cognitive process.

Directions of Philosophy

The doctrine described attempts to cover issues of various kinds, both general and specific. The solution of the problem stands out for the major directions of philosophy:

• Materialism . Objects are considered separately from consciousness. Their independent existence is supposed. Things consist of material education (source) of elementary origin. The emergence is characterized in the form of a reaction to the development of the religious trend as a form of worldview. The ancient Greek philosopher Thales became the founder of the theory. His followers actively developed the characteristics of the teaching. Thanks to the knowledge gained, a breakthrough was made in the study of mathematical, astronomical and physical sciences.
• Idealism . He considers the emergence of all material from the spiritual.

Specificity of the scientific and philosophical outlook

Scientific thinking is based on basic knowledge and is clearly limited to the subject of study. Acts on an accurate program without the possibility of the slightest deviation from the course. The rules of scientific research have a clear algorithm of action. Learned concepts and definitions greatly facilitate the process and realize the tasks.

Philosophical teaching is carried out on the basis of comparison and navigation from one area to another, in search of the right solution. Forms tasks and values. Philosophical categories are indistinct and have no boundaries, allowing any ideas to exist. It helps science to find the right solutions when the usual algorithm does not work.

Features of philosophical knowledge

Philosophy as a form of worldview is a kind of teaching that is endowed with individual characteristics:

• The subject of science is the comprehension of everything that is unshakable. The first to put forward this theory was Plato. The main aspects: being and cognition. Philosophy tries to find an explanation for the eternal.
• The spiritual experience of a person can be stored in several states: good (in the form of moral qualities and religious commitment), true knowledge (scientific works, ideological dogmas), beauty (various forms of art). Philosophy can intersect with all forms of manifestation of spiritual knowledge.
• Philosophy characterizes social cultural values, sums up the cognitive experience of all mankind.
• Strives to generalize the results.
• The doctrine focuses on the study and thorough study of the inner world of man, sees the goal of recognizing the phenomenon of the existence of spirituality in the biological body.
• Most of the questions of philosophy have a multifaceted meaning and an inexhaustible resource for reflection. The problems of philosophy are relevant in every historical period. The most active attempts at knowledge are observed during critical state or political moments. Eternal questions are not solved once and for all, there is always a discrepancy that generations seek to unravel.
• Elementary knowledge of philosophy is enjoyed by all people at the household level.
• Philosophical knowledge always has imprints of personality, which develops theories. All great thinkers had a different approach with a different creative outcome.
• The diversity of opinions of experts suggests the emergence of a large number of secondary currents and ideological schools.
• Living philosophers put their soul into their work, giving a kind of emotional emphasis on personal perception and attitude.
• Philosophy is not a science, it is much broader and has no limitations. The desire to achieve rationality puts scientific and philosophical knowledge on one level.
• The principles of philosophical teaching help to build the path of research.