Pavlov's house in Stalingrad. The defense of Pavlov's house

Today every tourist who came to Volgograd, seeks to feel all the pain and courage of the Russian people during the Great Patriotic War. For this he goes to the Mamayev Kurgan, where all the emotions in remarkable sculptures are embodied. Few people know that, in addition to the barrow, there are also historical monuments in Volgograd. One of the more significant can be attributed Pavlov's house.

Pavlov's house in Stalingrad played an important role during the counterattacks of the German troops. Thanks to the firmness of the Russian soldiers, the enemy troops were repulsed, and Stalingrad was not captured. You can learn about the experience of horror even now, after examining the surviving wall of the ruined house.

Pavlov's house in Stalingrad and his history before the war

Before the war Pavlov's house was an ordinary building with not all the usual reputation. Thus, in the four-story building, party and industrial workers lived. The house, standing along Penza Street, number 61, was considered prestigious before the war. He was surrounded by numerous elite buildings, in which lived NKVD officers and signalmen. The location of the building is also noteworthy.

Behind the building was built the mill of Gergardt in 1903. After 30 meters there was Zabolotny's twin house. Both the mill and Zabolotny's house were practically destroyed during the war. No one was involved in the restoration of buildings.

The defense of Pavlov's house in Stalingrad

During the Battle of Stalingrad, each residential building became a defensive fortress from which the fighting was conducted. On the square on January 9, all the buildings were destroyed. There remains only one surviving building. On September 27, 1942, a reconnaissance group consisting of 4 men, led by Ya. F. Pavlov, knocked out Germans from a residential four-story house, began to defend him. Penetrating into the building, the group found there civilians, who tried their best to keep the house for about two days. The defense continued with a small detachment for three days, after reinforcements arrived. It was a machine-gun platoon under the command of IF Afanasyev, submachine gunners and armor piercer. The total number of people who came to the rescue was 24 people. Together, the soldiers strengthened the defense of the entire building. Sappers mined all approaches to construction. And also a trench was dug through which negotiations with the command were conducted, and food was delivered with ammunition.

Pavlov's house in Stalingrad held the defense for almost 2 months. The location of the building helped the soldiers. From the upper floors, a huge panorama was seen, and Russian soldiers could keep under fire the parts of the city captured by German troops with a range of more than 1 kilometer.

All two months the Germans attacked the building intensively. They made several counter-attacks per day and even several times broke through to the first floor. During such battles destroyed one wall of the building. Soviet troops held the defense strongly and bravely, so they could not completely capture the house.

November 24, 1942 under the command of II Naumov, the battalion attacked the enemy, seizing nearby houses. II Naumov was killed. IF Afanasyev and Ya. F. Pavlov were only injured. The civilians who were in the basement of the house did not suffer for all the two months.

Restoration of Pavlov's house

The House of Pavlov in Stalingrad began to restore the very first. In June 1943 AM Cherkasova led the wives of soldiers along with them. So there was a "Cherkasovskoye movement", which included only women. The movement that arose found responses in other liberated territories. The destroyed cities began to be restored by volunteers in their free time.

The area on January 9 was renamed. The new name is the area of Defense. On the territory, new houses were built and surrounded by a semicircular colonnade. The project was managed by the architect EI Fialko.

In 1960, the square was again renamed. Now this is Lenin's Square. And from the end wall sculptors A. V. Golovanov and P. L. Malkov built a memorial in 1965, which has been preserved till now and adorns the city of Volgograd.

By 1985 Pavlov's house was rebuilt. From the end of the building facing the Sovietskaya Street, the architect VE Maslyaev and sculptor VG Fetisov installed a memorial with an inscription reminiscent of the feat of Soviet soldiers in the days when they fought for every brick of this house.

Interesting Facts

The great struggle was between the Soviet soldiers and the German invaders for Stalingrad, Pavlov's house. History has preserved many unique and interesting documents that tell about the actions of the enemy and our multinational defenders of the Fatherland and leave some questions open to this day. So, for example, it is still debated whether the Germans were during the capture of the building by an intelligence group. IF Afanasyev claims that there were no opponents, but, according to the official version, the Germans were in the second entrance, or rather, near the window stood a machine gun.

There are also disputes about the evacuation of civilians. Some historians argue that people continued to be in the basement all the time defense. According to other sources, the residents immediately after the death of the sergeant-major, who brought food, managed to lead out on excavated trenches.

When the Germans demolished one of the walls, Ya.F. Pavlov reported to the commander a joke. He said that the house remained ordinary, only with three walls, and most importantly, now there was ventilation.

Defenders of Pavlov's House

Pavlov's house in Stalingrad was defended by 24 people. But, according to the memoirs of IF Afanasyev, at the same time, no more than 15 people held the defense. At first, the defenders of Pavlov's house in Stalingrad are only 4 people: Pavlov, Glushchenko, Chernogolov, Aleksandrov.

Then the team received reinforcements. The adopted fixed number of defenders is 24 people. But, according to the same memories of Afanasyev, there were a little more of them.

The team consisted of fighters of 9 nationalities. The 25th defender was Ghor Khokhlov. He was a native of Kalmykia. True, after the battle he was removed from the list. After 62 years, the participation and courage of the soldier in the defense of Pavlov's house was confirmed.

The list of "crossed out" is supplemented by the Abkhazian Alexei Sukba. In 1944, the soldier for unknown reasons was in the named team. Therefore, his name is not immortalized on the panel of the memorial.

Biography of Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov

Yakov Fedotovich was born in the village of Krestova, located in the Novgorod region, in 1917, on October 17. After school, after working a bit in agriculture, I joined the Red Army, where I met the Great Patriotic War.

In 1942, participated in the fighting, defending and defending the city of Stalingrad. Keeping in the defense for 58 days a house on the square and destroying together with his comrades-in-arms, was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Star. He also received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for his courage.

In 1946, Pavlov was demobilized and subsequently graduated from the school under the CPSU Central Committee. After the war he continued his work in agriculture. 09/28/1981 Ya.F. Pavlova died.

Pavlov's house in modern times

Pavlov's house in Stalingrad became widely known. Address for today (in the modern city of Volgograd): Sovetskaya street, 39.

In appearance it is an ordinary four-story house with a memorial wall from the butt. Every year numerous groups of tourists come here to look at the famous house of Pavlov in Stalingrad. A photo depicting the building from different angles, regularly replenishes their personal collections.

Films about Pavlov's house

Does not leave the film house Pavlov in Stalingrad without attention. The film, shot on the defense of Stalingrad, is called "Stalingrad" (2013). Then the famous and talented director Fyodor Bondarchuk took a picture that could convey to the audience the whole atmosphere of wartime. He showed all the horror of the war, as well as the greatness of the Soviet people.

The film was awarded the prize of the American International Society of 3D Creators. In addition, he was also nominated for the "Nika" and "Golden Eagle" prizes. In some nominations, the film received awards such as "The Best Work of a Production Director" and "The Best Work of a Costume Designer". True, the viewers' comments left ambiguous about the picture. Many do not believe it. To make the right impression, you still have to watch this film personally.

In addition to the modern film, many documentaries were also filmed. Some involving soldiers defending the building. So, there are several documentary films that tell about the Soviet soldier during the defense. Among those are the tape about Gara Khokholov and Alexei Sukba. It is their names that are not on the plaque. The film tells a detailed story: how it happened that their names are not captured forever.

Cultural portrayal of heroism

In addition to films, throughout the past time, there have also been written many essays and memoirs about the heroism of Soviet soldiers. Even Ya. F. Pavlov himself described all the actions and his memories of the two months spent on defense.

The most famous work is the book "Pavlov's House", written by the author Saveliev, Lev Isomerovich. This is a kind of story-story, which tells about the courage and courage of a Soviet soldier. The book was recognized as the best work describing the atmosphere of the defense of Pavlov's house.