Oven bricks: characteristics, description, features of masonry and reviews

If there is a need to heat a low-rise residential building, then traditionally choose the use of special furnace facilities.

Need to use

Ceramic brick, whose characteristics are not suitable for the construction of the furnace, is not able to withstand the effects of high temperatures. The most suitable material for such a design is brick kiln, which has unique technical characteristics. Among them, one can distinguish resistance to high temperatures. Such products are used to create shells that isolate an open fire and protect the structures from destruction.

Characteristics of silica brick are also not suitable. Heat-resistant brick has a special purpose, it is used for facing internal surfaces of industrial and domestic furnaces. This building material is used to create stationary structures like barbecue and mangal.

general description

If you use oven bricks (see characteristics below), it is important to remember that it must meet certain requirements. Among them, one can distinguish heat resistance from 1000 degrees without loss of properties. Insignificant thermal conductivity, which provides protection of building structures, is also important. It is impossible not to distinguish the heat resistance of products, which allows the brick to withstand a large number of cycles of cooling and heating. The products described are energy accumulators. In other words, the brick quickly heats up and gives heat to the external environment.

Oven bricks, the characteristics of which will be presented in the article, consists of refractory clay, graphite, large fractions of quartz powder, as well as powder coke. Such products are produced by the method of semi-dry pressing, the technology involves several stages. The first is the preparation of raw materials, in the process of which the clay is crushed and kneaded. After the introduction of the mixture, the mixture is brought to a homogeneous state. During this process, about 10% water is added to the composition to achieve the desired moisture level.

Brick, the characteristic of which will be excellent, in the form of the finished mass is placed in the bunker, and from it comes to the dispenser. After the brick is formed, it is fed to the lower mold punch in the form of a press. The upper part of the latter is lowered and exerts pressure on the product, which will suffice for compaction. After the process is completed, the block is pushed out of the mold onto the pad.

The final stage

The pressing process is repeated again, and the product is sent for firing, which occurs at a temperature of 1000 degrees.

When an oven brick is made, the characteristics of which must be known to each master, preliminary drying is eliminated and the production time is shortened. This method is cheaper than plastic molding.

Characteristics of the fullness and density

Ceramic brick, the technical characteristics of which are not too suitable for making an oven, it is better to leave for building a house. The physical and chemical properties of products are determined by the method of production and the composition of the raw materials. For the construction of stoves, as well as fireplaces of industrial or household use, solid brick is used. As for density, it acts as one of the most important parameters. Verification of these characteristics is carried out in accordance with the methodology, which is established in GOST 24468-80. During the measurement, the total porosity and apparent density are determined. The most optimal relationship between these parameters is to achieve maximum strength and resistance to negative conditions.

Strength characteristics

Oven bricks, whose characteristics are determined by manufacturing technology, are exposed to high temperatures and even open flames. The limit of strength of products depends on compliance with the formulation, brand and production technology. Fireclay bricks have the highest strength, the brand of this product is SHAKE, the figure is equivalent to 23 N / mm 2. Similar products are widely used for laying technological and household furnaces, as well as for operating fireplaces installed in homes. If you want to purchase oven bricks, the strength characteristic should be critical.

Reviews about the temperature limit

As experts mark, furnaces of fireplaces and household furnaces adjoin with open fire, as for pipes and chimney channels, they warm up to impressive temperatures when in contact with combustion products. All materials used for the erection of structures must have a high temperature limit. Consumers most often choose bricks that have maximum heat resistance, their temperature limit is in the range from 1630 to 1730 degrees. For laying other components of fireplaces and stoves, material is used, to which less stringent requirements are imposed. Experienced stoves advise to use for chimneys a material that is capable of undergoing a temperature of 700 degrees.

Feedback on heat conductivity

Oven bricks, whose technical characteristics are presented in the article, should have a certain level of thermal conductivity. If it is as low as possible, it is possible to protect the adjacent building structures from the effects of high temperatures. If we are talking about fireclay bricks, then the mentioned parameter varies from 1.8 to 1.9 W / (m * ° C). Magnesite brick demonstrates thermal conductivity from 2,6 to 2,8. In Dinas bricks this limit is 1.95.

Chromomagnesite products have the highest thermal conductivity, which varies from 1.75 to 2.85 W / (m * ° C). As users note and as confirmed by the above figures, it is fireclay bricks that have less thermal conductivity. Therefore, it became widespread in construction. Such products can reliably protect the structure from the effects of high temperatures.

Feedback on resistance to adverse conditions

Oven bricks solid, whose characteristics are important to study before purchasing a product, should have a certain resistance to aggressive environments. The latter include combustion products and fire. Alkalis and acids on the surface of the brick will not work, so the requirements for this indicator to them is not presented. If you take into account the composition, it is worth noting that refractory chamotte brick should not be used in those structures where the surface can contact with the acid medium. According to buyers, this can lead to premature destruction of the structure.

Reviews about water absorption

Fireproof brick is produced using clay, during the firing process, the structure is covered with pores. Emptiness promotes high water absorption of water from the external environment or in contact with it. Depending on the variety of products, bricks can accumulate up to 30% of the liquid from their volume. This indicator can be called very impressive for building material. Consumers emphasize that this property should be taken into account if there is a need to store or store a brick. You must exclude the presence of products on open areas for a long time, this is especially true if the building materials can be affected by snow or rain. Under such conditions, brick risks losing its strength and other characteristics.

Masonry technique

The strength of the masonry will depend on the quality of the brick, how it was laid, and on how well the mortar was prepared. It is important to observe a technology that requires the wetting of products. If in the process of carrying out the work a common massif is obtained as a monolith, the quality of the masonry will be reliable. It is necessary to exclude continuous vertical seams, having provided their bandaging, only then you can count on strength. The walls of the structure must be gas-tight, so the smoke will not penetrate into the room.

Use a clay mortar, after having moistened each product. Apply the compound by hand. Trowel is used when laying walls outside. It is possible to decompose the solution over the surface of the brick without missing, putting the products in place. The block after laying should be moved forward and backward, it will be necessary to get rid of the surplus composition. The same principle should be applied when laying the following products. After the brick you remove from the water, it should be laid on the solution, slightly raising the back side. The product should not be immediately horizontal. This will allow the solution to be pumped with a pinched edge and move it to its place.

Nuances of works

Characteristics of building bricks necessarily presuppose the soaking of products. The block can only be rinsed, however, the clutch must be carried out more quickly. A few dampened bricks will absorb moisture faster, the solution will dehydrate and thicken.

If you do not have enough skills, then with this approach you can get thick stitches. It is recommended to enlist the help of a second person who will spread the mortar on the surface of the brick.

Facing bricks, the characteristics of which differ from the stove, fit the same technology. However, a conventional cement slurry can be used. Wet the products better with a washcloth or rag, subject to moisture the part on which the next block is to be laid. On the tip of the solution must be applied with a brick or trowel.

If you have to work with refractory material, then you need to rinse it a little with water. Seams can be made in different ways. If, after completion, the masonry is supposed to be covered with plaster, the seams should be made void, and they are not filled with a solution to a depth of 10 millimeters. During the application of the plaster, the solution will flow into the seams and adhere well to the surface.