ONE - what is it? Common house needs. Calculation

In receipts of payments for an apartment there is a line called ODN. What it is? The abbreviation stands for "common house needs". But what is included in them and how the calculation is done - we learn from this article.

One: what is it?

Each house that is connected to the electricity grid, receives the energy accounted for at the entrance to the building. It is used for consumption inside the apartment and in public places. The common house counters all the electrical energy that goes into the apartment building.

Not everyone understands the definition of the ODN: what it is and how this indicator is reflected in the receipt. The fee is charged not only for lighting the porches. This includes the consumption of electricity in the basement and attic, the work of fire-fighting appliances, intercoms, pumps - that is, all electrical equipment that provides comfortable living for all residents. The heating of the common house area and other is taken into account.

Each house has its own set of electrical equipment. In addition, all technological losses in the network inside the building are also paid as general-purpose needs.

ONE and ODPU

There are houses in which there is no general house accounting device (ODPU). Then ODN are charged separately. Even if there is a device inside the apartment, the owner must pay for the ODN according to the standards. Therefore, if the meter in the apartment is not installed, then utilities are paid according to the regulations with the addition of ODN.

If the UDPS is installed, for example, the tariff for hot water must be paid in consideration of the difference between the total volume received in the building and the consumed water from the apartments. The difference is distributed among the owners, taking into account the area of their housing or the number of people living.

Which premises are considered to be ONE?

Proceeding from Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Housing Code of the RF to property of general house value are the premises that are not parts of the apartments. It:

• Stairs;
• Areas between them;
• Corridors;
• Floors of technical designation;
• Attics;
• Basements with utilities;
• Other premises that do not belong to individual owners, but are needed to meet social needs, such as roofs and roofing structures, equipment for life support of more than one apartment, adjacent land plots and objects located on them.

How to calculate ODN (general information)

The calculation of ODN depends on the method of accounting for electricity, heat and water consumption, that is, the presence or absence of general house counters. If the house meter is installed, the calculations are made on the basis of Government Decision No. 354 of May 6, 2011, and if not - according to Government Decision No. 258 of March 28, 2012.

If such counters are available, then the readings of the appliances in the apartment must be summed up, and then the sum of the readings of the house-count meter is subtracted.

If there is none, the costs are calculated based on the area of the common areas and the tenants living in the apartment according to the scheme established by the communal organization. The amount is distributed among the apartments depending on their area or living in the houses of people according to the established standards. Typically, the fee in homes without house counters is much higher than the one where they are installed.

Formulas for calculations

If there is no meter in the house, then the general needs are calculated according to the introduced norms. In this case, the above decree approves the formulas, and the standards themselves are made directly by administrations or organizations that supply resources.

The general formula is as follows: V ON = Standard * S ONE. Where V is the volume of the ODN, and S is the area of the premises consisting of common property.

The following services are the standards of ODN:

1. The unit of the gas standard is always zero if there is no meter in the house. If it is available, householder needs may have a positive or negative value.
2. The unit of the standard for heating is calculated in Gcal / m² and is equal to the standard for apartment heating.

Electricity ODN is calculated in kWh / m².

The unit of the standard for water supply is calculated in cubes per square meter and consists of two parts:

1. One component is 0.0903 cube per person per month per square meter of ODN area.
2. The other part is calculated according to the technological losses in relation to the total consumption, which consists of the standard of consumption of cubes per person living in the apartment. Losses are calculated depending on the number of floors in the house. The formula is as follows: (0.2 + 0.07 * L) / 4.3.

For example, in a ten-story house, losses will be about twenty-one percent. Of course, such a large share looks clearly overstated. And, maybe it was introduced to stimulate the installation of meters. If the house meter is installed, then in the ODN calculation consists of the following volumes of gas, heating, electricity and gas.

1. Real volumes of needs outside of apartments (for example, heating and lighting of entrances).
2. Expended volume in the event of an accident.
3. Losses in engineering networks.
4. Overrun or shortage inside apartments, in which there are no individual meters.
5. The formula here is as follows: V ONE (1) = V house (2) - V account (3) - V norms (4) - V deduction (5). Here: 1 - volume ODN; 2 - the expense of the house meter; 3 - the sum of the meters in all apartments; 4 - the amount of standards in apartments where there are no counters; 5 - deduction from another service.

As a result, the volume of ODN is obtained, the account of which includes the above-mentioned parts. Each of them can not be calculated individually. But the total amount is.

Examples of calculating ODN

Let's consider some concrete cases.

If there is a store near the house, which is connected to the house networks, its expenses are necessarily taken into account. If the consumed services are paid for by an individually installed meter, then when calculating it, the data is included in the deduction and excluded from the ODN.

If you turn off the riser at the request of one of the apartments (for example, when replacing the battery), the volume of the drained water should be included as a paid service in the personal account of this apartment. It is also excluded from the ODN.

If the central water supply does not provide hot water, the amount of cold water for heating is subtracted from the ODN. Cold water in this case should be paid for as hot water supply.

The general house heating meter can also be used for the "heating" service, calculating the amount that is spent for the supply of hot water.

If there are no individual meters, but used by the general house, then the following formula is applied: V ONE (1) = (V house (2) - V deduction (3)) * S ONE (4) / S house (5). Here: 1 - volume ODN; 2 - the expense on the counter in the house; 3 - deduction from another service; 4 - area of common property; 5 - the volume of personal accounts and the area of common property.

For personal accounts, the following formula is used: V ind. (1) = (V house (2) - V subtract (3)) * S ind. (4) / S house (5). Here: 1 means the volume of the personal account, and 5 - the sum of the areas of all personal accounts together with the areas of general house value.

According to personal accounts, the general volume of needs is distributed depending on the positive or negative value.

With a positive volume, the data are distributed among all consumers of services, including apartments, as well as offices and shops. The payment of ODN is carried out in proportion to the area of personal accounts.

With a negative volume, the distribution only occurs on residential personal accounts. At the same time, all services are calculated in proportion to the number of people attached to each personal account, and the heating service - in proportion to the occupied area.

Why is the total volume significant?

Normal is the amount of payment by ODN, equal to ten percent of the total cost of payment for the receipt. If the amount of this category exceeds thirty percent, there is cause for concern. First you need to analyze the general information, breaking all the payment in parts: how much money goes to the work of elevators, lighting, pumps and so on. On the basis of the data obtained, it is worthwhile to think about energy efficiency and, possibly, to carry out a number of measures aimed at energy saving. In this case, experts are attracted to the work of the corresponding orientation, and those in turn recommend and implement the necessary technologies and equipment.

In particular, if the electric power of the ODN is obtained at a general house meter is very large, the tenants must jointly identify the cause.

Significant amounts for common house needs often indicate that the electrical wires are far from in the best condition. Thus, the meter records many kilowatt-hours. The responsibility for the incoming electric energy is borne by the organization that serves the relevant networks. If the organization is not, then this duty lies with the tenants themselves at home.

In addition, because of illegal consumption, the indicator, called "electricity of the ODN," may also increase. For example, if the residents of a certain apartment have been disconnected from electricity for non-payment, but they have unauthorizedly connected to the network, they should immediately contact the service organization so that their access to in-house communications is limited, as the energy consumed by them goes to householders' needs. Previously, the accrual of ODN also depended on the availability of counters from tenants. If there was none, they had to pay for electricity in accordance with the current regulations, as well as for the share of energy from the consumption of the needs of the whole house. Naturally, the guidelines showed only an approximate value. Currently, in accordance with the federal law No.261 "On Energy Saving", individual apartments must be installed in all apartments. Thus, the problem was solved.

The ODN indications can also be influenced by the timely transfer of meters to the organization that serves them.

How can I reduce the amount of accruals for ODN?

If the amounts for general house needs come too large, then most often the following steps should be taken.

Electricity:

• Conduct a check for unauthorized connection of electricity by the tenants;
• To replace electric wiring - it can be badly worn out in old houses, and also have damages and a lot of twists, and this leads to the resistance of the system and as a result to the loss of electrical energy (for this purpose, homeowners have the right to apply to the Criminal Code that the organization conducts an energy audit For the need to replace the wiring);
• Install LEDs instead of incandescent lamps.

On the issue of water supply:

• To establish individual meters for payment on consumption, and not on norms;
• Provide meter readings in a timely manner.

On the issue of heating - if there is a house-count meter, it is necessary to seal the inter-panel seams, replace the old windows and conduct the insulation of the pipes in the basement.

With good heat insulation, heat losses will be minimal. Many open windows in the winter and release heat. But it is more reasonable to install a control valve on the radiators in the apartments. Usually this is done before the cold season begins, so that you do not need to drain the water from the riser.

In addition to the above indicators, the fee for ODN may depend on:

• Reliability of information about the area of common property;
• Actual number of people living.

So, with one person prescribed, the norms for electricity and water will take much less than with five residents. Therefore, if people live in an apartment for more than five days in a row, then the rates should be paid according to the actual number of people living. The owner of the living quarters is obliged to notify the Criminal Code about this.

If the SDU or IRU is faulty

If the devices of individual or general use fail, as well as failure to provide indications by the owner, the fee will be calculated from the date when the device became defective or from the beginning of the calculation period in case the date can not be calculated.

The average amount of resource consumption is calculated, which is calculated from the last twelve months, and for heating - from the heating period. When the SDA or ISU is operating for less than a year, the actual operating time is taken into account, but not less than three months.

If it is not possible to take readings from the IPA within three months, and the OPU is two, the data will be calculated according to the current standards.

Instrument check

The SDU and IGP should be checked at least once a year, and if they are located in the consumer's premises, then no more than once in three months.

At the same time, all homeowners should be notified of a planned check by a written notice, in which they must sign or send a message with an exact date. After notification, the owner is obliged within seven days to report on the terms of verification convenient for him.

Still some questions about the ODN

Since the middle of 2012, public places (MOS) are not taken into account when accruing on receipts.

Regardless of whether someone is registered in the apartment or not, ODN will be charged and distributed depending on the area of the apartment. Thus, neither the number of registered people nor the number of people actually living will affect this indicator.

If there is no owner in the apartment, he must still pay for general house needs in a general manner.

Conclusion

From the article we learned about the ODN: what it is, what points are taken into account in the calculations and how they are implemented. In the current legislation, there are shortcomings and gaps associated, for example, with general house counters (an independent decision to install or pay for regulations). In some houses where management is organized, there will be no problems, but for example, in the HOA there can appear both various abuses and simply unsolved issues, as a result of which the tenants themselves suffer directly.