Myopia and hyperopia: what is it? Causes, prevention, correction

Vision is, perhaps, one of the main feelings of a person, because through the eyes people get the most information. In order to see the world with a clear, sharp look, a very complex process is taking place in the human body, connected with the eyes and the brain. If the slightest failure occurs in this system, the vision fails and leads to myopia and hyperopia.

Myopia

Medical statistics show that every fourth person has problems with myopia. This disease is characterized by the fact that visual acuity decreases and objects that are in the distance are poorly perceived. This process is associated with a large refraction in the optical system of the eyes, which does not correspond to the length of its axis. Myopia can develop as a disease and leads to a gradual deterioration of vision. Or it is progressing at a certain point, and the vision is in a permanently bad state and does not change for many years.

Hyperopia

This disease of the eye can be called the opposite of myopia, since the problem of hyperopia is associated with the perception of objects at close range. But, if there is an in-depth problem of hyperopia, then the perception of objects at a long distance is violated. This problem occurs because of a short eyeball or a flat cornea. Such a state does not give the rays of light falling into the eye, to be refracted to the extent that would be sufficient for a focus on the retina. Therefore, the image is not focused on the retina, but behind it. Typically, this disease is common in people over 40 years, this problem is also common in newborns.

The difference between myopia and hyperopia

In order for a person to have a normal view of the image at any distance, the optical axis must have the right direction, and it must focus on the retina. Light rays give information about the image, which is transmitted through the cornea and the lens. Further this information is sent to the retina to be transformed into a nerve impulse. In the department of the brain, which is responsible for the visual apparatus, the ray hits the optic nerve. In cases where the process of refraction of rays occurs outside the retina, then visual acuity deteriorates, and it has different distances.

It should clearly distinguish between myopia and hyperopia. What is it is already described above in the article, but in simple words you can say that these two symptoms differ by the distance you can see.

The causes of myopia and hyperopia

The disease of the eye does not arise by itself, there are reasons for all of this. In order not to have problems with vision, it is necessary to know how myopia and hyperopia develop.

The causes of myopia:

1. Heredity. If one of the parents suffers from this problem, then there is a high probability that the children will also inherit this pathology.
2. Work at close range. Basically it concerns those people who work a lot with a computer. Schoolchildren, who have not yet fully developed the body, are considered the most vulnerable to this problem.
3. Weakened body. This factor includes various health problems: birth trauma, poor immunity, infectious diseases, overwork and so on.
4. The shape of the eyeball.
5. Bad conditions for visual work.

Causes of hyperopia:

1. Reducing the size of the eyeball on the front and rear axles.
2. Age-related cause. Infants are almost always born with farsightedness problems. In addition, people older than 25 years can already begin to feel impaired vision, but only by the age of 45 this problem becomes pronounced.

Basically, as it was said, the causes of myopia and hyperopia arise throughout life, as many people are exposed to modern environmental conditions.

How to diagnose hyperopia and nearsightedness

So, it has become clear how the short-sightedness and hyperopia arise, what is it, but how to diagnose them in time? Untimely treatment of a specialist can lead to loss of vision. To prevent this from happening, one must understand the difference between myopia and hyperopia. What is it and how to deal with the problem can only tell the ophthalmologist.

For hyperopia characterized by the following symptoms:

• Items at close range are poorly considered.
• When reading eyes quickly become tired.
• When working, you may experience headaches, burning eyes.
• Frequent inflammation of the eyes (conjunctivitis, barley).

If at least one factor has been noticed, it is necessary to turn to the oculist who will check vision on the foroprotect or using a computer method.

Myopia also has its signs, which must be determined in time. Independently you can see that the vision is violated, but in general, such a diagnosis can only be carried out by a specialist.

• Vision is determined with the help of glasses.
• Diagnosis of refraction and keratometry.
• Measurement of eye length using ultrasound.
• Examination of the fundus.

The earlier to do all the research, the more effective the treatment will be.

The problem of vision in children

The modern world has a detrimental effect on the state of the eyes. Especially it concerns small children and teenagers. Myopia and hyperopia in children is often enough. Hyperopia for children is considered the norm and by 11 years, as a rule, everything is getting better, but there are cases when the problem does not pass and leads to serious visual impairment.

There are cases when children do not complain about vision problems and farsightedness proceeds in a latent form. This can lead to a general deterioration in the health of the child: irritability, headaches, poor health. This problem is solved only after a competent examination and treatment.

Another situation is with myopia. Since this problem has many factors that cause the eye disease: heredity, congenital pathologies, prematurity, visual load, malnutrition, various infections.

The first examination at the doctor is performed at the age of 3 months of the baby, at which the eye doctor looks at the size and shape of the eyeballs, as the baby reacts and focuses on the bright objects.

Correction

In time, certain problems with vision are solved quite simply. Regardless of whether myopia and hyperopia is a hereditary or acquired disease, you can be cured with laser correction. This method has established itself as an effective treatment of such problems in many countries of the world. People get rid after correction in the need to use glasses or lenses.

How is myopia and hyperopia corrected? Here it should be noted that for each individual there is a method, because the eyes of each of us are unique, like fingerprints.

This procedure is fast and very safe. After the ophthalmologist conducts a series of studies and analyzes, he begins the operation, after which the patient returns to the eyesight. Correction is performed using local anesthesia, its duration is about 20 minutes, but all manipulations associated with the laser take no more than a minute.

Hospitalization after the operation is not required. It is enough to stay in the hospital for several hours. The result will be noticeable as early as the next day, and a full restoration of vision comes after one week.

Correction does not contribute to the deterioration of vision in the long run, on the contrary, this process is irreversible and remains forever.

Treatment of eye problems

Traditional medicine finds many ways to restore focus. Treatment is possible if you use glasses for myopia and hyperopia, in which concave lenses are used for myopia and convex for farsightedness.

Also, often began to use lenses for myopia and hyperopia. At first a person can feel some difficulties in handling them, but over time it becomes very practical and convenient.

But keeping up with the times, people using modern methods of treatment are able to get rid of such diseases, and completely refuse to use glasses or lenses.

Positive and negative points when wearing lenses and glasses

Correct the problem of vision with the help of glasses and lenses is possible, but you should take into account that they have their advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of glasses:

• When using glasses, you can not put microbes in the eye, because they do not touch the cornea, so do not provoke all kinds of infectious diseases.
• For them, there is no need for special care and use of various solutions, which certainly saves money.
• Acceptable price.
• Changing appearance, with well-chosen points can be better to change your image.

Disadvantages:

• The frame can press on the bridge of the nose.
• In the case of a high degree of nearsightedness glasses with thick glass are used, and they visually reduce the eyes.
• Broken or lost.
• The glasses sweat. And with rain it is almost impossible to wear.
• The lateral vision is still distorted.

Advantages of lenses:

• Do not distort the image.
• They are not visible before the eyes and they do not change the appearance of a person.
• Do not get fogged, do not get wet in rain.
• Do not break up.
• Lateral vision is not limited.

Disadvantages of lenses:

• If they are not used correctly, you can injure the cornea.
• Daily putting on and taking off.
• Are lost, torn.
• If a mote enters the eye, then its extraction is possible only when removing the lens.
• Require special care.

Here, everyone chooses what he should use.

Contraindications for restoring vision

If there are practically no contraindications for wearing lenses and glasses, then in cases of laser correction one should know when it should not be done.

• If the woman is in position.
• During lactation.
• Diabetes.
• Glaucoma or cataract.
• If the fundus has irreversible changes.
• Inflammatory processes of the body.

You can say that you can cure myopia and hyperopia. Treatment should be timely, because neglected forms are hard to correct.

Prevention

In advance, it is possible to prevent myopia, hyperopia. The prevention of these diseases is slightly different. For myopia:

• It is necessary to perform visual gymnastics.
• Lighting during operation should be correct.
• It is necessary to avoid reading in transport.
• If a long time a person is at the computer, then every half hour you need to be distracted and do physical exercises for the eyes.

For farsightedness:

In this situation only therapeutic intervention will help. But in order not to suffer such a problem in old age, experts advise to use more walnuts, carrots, beets, parsley, etc.

So, now it became clear myopia and hyperopia, what it is and what these diseases differ. If you pay attention in time to myopia, hyperopia, treatment to begin on time, then you can save your eyesight.

If a person can get short-sightedness by inheritance or earn it himself, then hyperopia is a normal phenomenon at the birth of a person, and this is the disease that overtakes people in old age. It is worth taking care of your health, and especially your eyesight.