Mozart's works: a list. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Creativity

Outstanding Austrian composer WA Mozart is one of the representatives of the Viennese classical school. His gift was manifested from early childhood. In the works of Mozart, the ideas of the movement "Storm and the onslaught" and the German Enlightenment are reflected. In music, the artistic experience of various traditions and national schools has been translated. The most famous works of Mozart, whose list is huge, took their place in the history of musical art. He wrote more than twenty operas, forty-one symphonies, concerts for various instruments with orchestra, chamber-instrumental and piano compositions.

Brief information about the composer

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer) was born on 27.01.1756 in the beautiful town of Salzburg. In addition to composing? He was an excellent harpsichordist, conductor, organist and violinist-virtuoso. He had an absolute musical ear, a chic memory and a desire for improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the greatest composers not only of his time, but also of modernity. His genius was reflected in works written in different forms and genres. Mozart's compositions are still popular. And this shows that the composer passed the "test of time". His name is most often mentioned in the same line with Haydn and Beethoven as a representative of Viennese classicism.

Biography and the creative path. 1756-1780 years of life

Mozart was born on January 27, 1756. To compose became early, from about three years of age. The first music teacher was a father. In 1762 he went with his father and sister on a great artistic journey to different cities of Germany, England, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands. At this time the first works of Mozart are created. The list of them is gradually expanding. Since 1763 he lives in Paris. He creates sonatas for violin and harpsichord. Between 1766-1769 he lived in Salzburg and Vienna. With pleasure immersed in the study of compositions of great masters. Among them are Handel, Durante, Carissima, Stradella and many others. In 1770-1774 years. Is mainly in Italy. Familiar with the then famous composer - Josef Myslivechek, whose influence is traced in the future work of Wolfgang Amadeus. In 1775-1780 he traveled to Munich, Paris and Mannheim. Experiencing material difficulties. Lies mother. During this period, many works of Mozart were written. Their list is huge. It:

• Concert for flute and harp;
• Six clavier sonatas;
• Several spiritual choirs;
• Symphony 31 in the key of D major, which is known as the Parisian;
• Twelve ballet numbers and many other compositions.

Biography and the creative path. 1779-1791 years of life

In 1779 he worked in Salzburg as a court organist. In 1781 in Munich with great success premiere of his opera "Idomeneo". This was a new turn in the fate of the creative personality. Then he lives in Vienna. In 1783 he married Constance Weber. During this period Mozart's operatic works do not work well. The list of them is not so great. This is the opera L'oca del Cairo and Lo sposo deluso, which have remained unfinished. In 1786, he wrote his excellent "The Marriage of Figaro" by the libretto of Lorenzo da Ponte. It was staged in Vienna and was very successful. Many thought it was Mozart's best opera. In 1787, an equally successful opera was released, which was also created in collaboration with Lorenzo da Ponte. This is "Don Juan". Then he receives the post of "Imperial and Royal chamber musician". For which he is paid 800 florins. He writes dances for masquerades and comic opera. In May 1791, Mozart was appointed Assistant to the Kapellmeister of St. Stephen's Cathedral. It was not paid for, but gave the opportunity to take his place after the death of Leopold Hoffmann (who was very ill). However, this did not happen. In December 1791 the brilliant composer died. There are two versions of the cause of his death. The first is the complication of rheumatic fever after the illness. The second version is similar to the legend, but it is supported by many musicologists. This is Mozart's poisoning by the composer Salieri.

The main works of Mozart. List of works

Opera is one of the main genres of his work. He has a school opera, singspie, opera-seria and buffa, as well as a big opera. From the pen component:

• The school opera: "The transformation of the Hyacinth", still known as "Apollo and Hyacinth";
• Opera-seria: "Idomeneo" ("Elijah and Idamant"), "Mercy of Titus", "Mithridates, King of Pontus";
• Opera buffa: "Imaginary gardener", "The deceived fiancé", "The wedding of Figaro", "All of them are", "Cairo goose", "Don Juan", "Fake plain";
• Singspiele: "Bastien and Bastienne", "Zaida", "Abduction from the Seraglio";
• A great opera: "Opera Magic Flute";
• Ballet-pantomime "Trinkets";
• Masses: 1768-1780, created in Salzburg, Munich and Vienna;
• The requiem (1791);
• Oratorio "Liberated Vetulia";
• Cantata: "Penitent David", "Joy of Masons", "To You, Soul of the Universe", "Little Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Works for Orchestra

Mozart's works for the orchestra amaze with its scale. It:

• Symphonies;
• Concerts and rondo for pianoforte and orchestra and for violin and orchestra;
• Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra in Key of C major, for violin and viola and orchestra, for flute and orchestra in key G major, for oboe and orchestra, for clarinet and orchestra, for bassoon, for French horn, for flute and harp (C major );
• Concerts for two pianos and orchestra (in E flat major) and three (F major);
• Divertissements and serenades for symphonic orchestra, string, wind ensemble.

Pieces for orchestra and ensemble

Many composed for the orchestra and ensemble Mozart. Famous works:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• Marches (some of them joined the serenades);
• Dances (contredans, landlords, minuets);
• Church sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, duets, variations.

For the clavier (pianoforte)

Mozart's musical compositions for this instrument are very popular with pianists. It:

• Sonata: 1774 - C major (K 279), F major (K 280), G Major (K 283); 1775 - D major (K 284); 1777 - C major (K 309), D major (K 311); 1778 in A minor (К 310), C major (К 330), A major (К 331), F major (К 332), B flat major (К 333); 1784 - in the minor (K 457); 1788 - F major (K 533), C major (K 545);
• Fifteen cycles of variations (1766-1791);
• Rondo (1786, 1787);
• Fantasy (1782, 1785);
• Different plays.

Symphony No. 40 by WA Mozart

Mozart's symphonies were created from 1764 to 1788. The last three were the highest achievement of this genre. In total, Wolfgang wrote more than 50 symphonies. But according to the numbering of Russian musicology, the last is the 41st symphony ("Jupiter").

The best symphonies of Mozart (No. 39-41) are unique creations that do not lend themselves to the typification that was established at that time. Each of them contains a fundamentally new artistic idea.

Symphony No. 40 is the most popular work of this genre. The first part begins with an excited melody of the violins of the question-and-answer structure. The main part reminds the aria of Cherubino from the opera "The Wedding of Figaro". The lateral party is lyrical and melancholic, constitutes the main contrast. Development begins with a small melody of bassoons. There are gloomy and sorrowful intonations. A dramatic action begins. The reprise strengthens the tension.

The second part is dominated by a calm-contemplative mood. A sonata form is also used here. The main theme is performed by violas, then violins pick it up. The second theme is like "fluttering".

The third one is calm, gentle and melodious. The development takes us back to an excited mood, an alarm appears. A reprise is again a bright thoughtfulness. The third part is a minuet with features of the march, but in the amount of three quarters. The main theme is courageous and decisive. It is conducted by violins and a flute. The trio has transparent pastoral sounds.

Rapid final continues dramatic development, reaching the highest point - the climax. Anxiety and excitement are inherent in all sections of the fourth part. And only the last bars make a small statement.

VA Mozart was an excellent harpsichordist, conductor, organist and violinist-virtuoso. He had an absolute musical ear, a chic memory and a desire for improvisation. His excellent works took their place in the history of musical art.