Morbid obesity is ... Types of obesity. Treatment, prevention of obesity

Recently, in many countries, especially in Western countries, about 10% of the population is overweight. If half of them can return to the required size for them, then for the remaining 5% this is a serious problem of obesity, which can cause irreparable damage to health.

Causes of obesity

The causes of obesity can be different. As a rule, they are influenced by such factors: social, endocrine, behavioral and genetic. Together, they provoke an increase in the mass of fatty tissues.

Among these factors we can distinguish the most common:

1. Age. The most vulnerable years for gaining excess weight are 25-35 years, early childhood, menopause and postpartum period.
2. Heredity. Children whose parents are obese are 2-3 times more likely to be overweight.
3. Diabetes maternal diabetes. Studies show that a child born to an unhealthy woman may be more likely to be at risk of obesity.
4. Psychological disorders. Sometimes even prolonged depression and toxemia can cause human obesity.
5. Race affiliation. It is proved that in the Negroid race the probability of this disease is 2-3 times higher than in the rest.

What is the danger of obesity?

Obesity of a person is a social problem, which every year occurs more and more often. As we have already mentioned, it can be caused by a number of factors, and also have very serious consequences, up to a lethal outcome.

Each fourth subject, whose body mass index exceeds 30, has kidney stones. When in healthy people this ailment manifests itself only in 1 out of 40! Here it is worth noting that the stones and sand in the kidneys are revealed both in severe obesity and in its initial stage. Therefore, excess weight - this is an occasion to sound an alarm.

Scientists say that the formation of stones is associated with a metabolic disorder, mostly with a change in the chemical and water-salt composition of the blood. And these problems arise because of the increase in the mass of fatty deposits.

People who have abdominal obesity or any other form of it are at risk for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, stopping breathing in sleep and even cancer.

What is obesity?

Today, there are types of obesity, such as apple and pear. In the first case, fat is deposited in the abdomen and sides. If to speak about the second type, here in the greater degree the fatty deposits are clearly expressed on the hips, legs and buttocks. Both of these species are observed in both women and men. They are difficult to treat and equally dangerous. It is necessary to fight with them in any case. The only difference is that during the complex treatment of this disease, a special load should be applied to that part of the body that contains more fat.

In addition, its types include morbid obesity. Photos of people with this condition show that a person does not just suffer from excess weight, he looks, to put it mildly, helpless. Therefore, it is impossible to fight against such a disease independently. But to take measures for treatment is necessary as soon as possible.

What is morbid obesity?

Morbid obesity is a chronic disease that affects the life span of a person. Against the backdrop of this disease all the others are revealed, which we already mentioned: kidney stones, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer. The only way to get rid of these accompanying sores is weight loss.

A characteristic feature of morbid obesity is an increase in body weight by 45-50 kilograms. This is typical for the 21st century. After all, today many people do not move much: they constantly spend time at the computer and the TV, while for them the work on the house is carried out by machines: washing, multivarks and so on.

In addition, it is also worth mentioning the harmful food and the wrong time for its reception. As a result, people face such a problem as morbid obesity. This disease is more common in women. According to the latest data, in Western Europe, the weak sex accounts for 25% of this disease, and for men - 20%.

Determine the body mass index (BMI)

In order to understand if a person is overweight or obese, it is necessary to calculate the body mass index. BMI - the ratio of weight to height in square. If the result is a figure of 30 or more, then this indicates that the patient is obese.

For example, the weight of the patient is 150 kilograms, and the height is 1.80 meters. According to the formula, we calculate: 150: (1.80х1.80) = 46. The result obtained indicates that this person has morbid obesity.

The World Health Organization has developed a table on which to monitor the classification of obesity.

From these data it is possible to determine the state of the body of each patient. But, unfortunately, this is not enough to determine the predisposition to dangerous diseases.

Treatment of morbid obesity

As we have already explained, morbid obesity is the most severe degree of this disease. It is easier to prevent than treat. Since in this case, the usual training in the fitness room and diet will no longer help. It is worth noting that even liposuction at this stage is a waste of time. After all, after this procedure the patient will manage to lose only 4-5 kilograms, and this is very small for a full life.

If a patient has a disease like morbid obesity, the diet in this case will not save him, no matter how strict it may be. Only in combination with surgical intervention it will have positive results.

General information about surgical operations in morbid obesity

At the last stage of this disease, surgical intervention is extremely necessary. After all, only that way a person can throw off 30-40 and even his cherished 50 kilograms! This method of treatment is used, even if the patient has obesity of the 2nd degree.

In this case, as a result of surgical operations, accompanying diseases disappear and the appearance of new ones is prevented.

The intensive increase in the number of bariatric operations (operations with obesity) over the past few decades tells us that the problem of obesity, unfortunately, takes one of the leading places among the remaining surgical interventions. Thanks to modern technology, they have become less dangerous and more effective. Today the risk of complications during and after their conduct is equated to zero. And most importantly - their result exceeds all expectations: weight loss continues throughout the decade.

What surgical operations are done with morbid obesity?

Today, doctors are sounding the alarm and claim that the plague of the 21st century is precisely morbid obesity. Treatment of it is based on one of two methods:

• Installation of the bandage. This is the most common and most effective way to treat this disease. It is based on the installation of a special ring on the stomach through small punctures in the abdominal cavity. In this case, one part of this organ is above the ring, the other - under it. They are connected only by a small hole, through which food comes. Thus, the liquid is retained at the top, which gives a feeling of saturation. As a result of this operation, patients can throw off up to 65% of excess weight.
• Removal of part of the stomach. This method is less popular. Today it is rarely used. During the surgical intervention, a part of the stomach is cut out, which eventually has a resemblance to a thin tube. After the operation, you need only eat small amounts of food. Otherwise, the seams are torn, and this can lead to death.

And in the first and second cases, the result will be visible only when the patient adheres to proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

How does the diet change after surgery

Even if the patient with the most severe obesity and did one of the bariatric surgeries, this does not mean that he does not need to work on his body and let things go on their own. Like after any other surgical intervention, it is necessary to adhere to certain recommendations. First and foremost, this concerns the intake of food.

So, in this case, the patient will have a new diet:

1. To eat it is necessary often (as a rule, from 3 to 6 times a day), but it is not enough. Signal to the termination of food intake will be indicated by the slightest saturation. In no case can you overeat.
2. Take food only in the kitchen, chewing it slowly. It is worth noting that at this time it is forbidden to watch TV and read books.
3. Do not drink liquid during and immediately after eating. Drink only in the interval between meals. Otherwise, as practice shows, it can cause vomiting.
4. You can not go to bed after a meal. It is better to do household chores.
5. It is forbidden to drink alcoholic, sweet and carbonated drinks, there is chocolate.

How many kilograms can be thrown off after bariatric surgery?

Morbid obesity is a neglected form of obesity, which is the result of a long-term increase in fatty tissues resulting from an unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, it is very difficult to say exactly how many kilograms a person will lose after surgery. As a rule, this depends on a number of factors:

• Weight before surgery;
• Age features;
• Concomitant diseases;
• The type of surgery that was done to the patient;
• Intensity of exercise;
• Compliance with the diet;
• Support of others and loved ones.

If a person dumps half of his previous weight after the operation, and he does not experience any side effects, the treatment is considered successful.

Usually, intensive weight loss is observed during the first 17-25 months. At what speed the patient will lose extra pounds after the operation, depends only on himself. It is proved that people with a large BMI lose weight faster and more. But patients who have a smaller BMI, it is easier to reach the weight necessary for their growth.

Prevention of obesity

People with excessive body weight should do everything possible to prevent obesity. In addition, the faster you begin to deal with yourself, the more likely not only to prevent the ugly appearance, but also to say goodbye to the already existing diseases.

First of all, stop eating calories and flour products. For many, this is enough to throw off weight and bring the weight back to normal.

Obese people need to increase energy consumption by heavy loads. Remember: in order to prevent the development of morbid or abdominal obesity, it is not necessary to engage in powerlifting. For this it is enough just to move more and to practice physical culture in the morning.

A healthy lifestyle is the main thing that you need to pay attention not only when you are faced with excess weight, but always at any age.