Monuments of Tyumen: history and description

The ancient Russian city of Tyumen has a long and interesting history. The nature and stages of the development of the settlement captured various monuments of Tyumen, among which there are traditional monuments, unusual sculptural groups and installations. Many monuments of culture and architecture are also preserved here. Let's see what the history of the monuments of Tyumen and tell you about the most interesting local monuments.

City `s history

The first inhabitants on the territory of modern Tyumen appeared in the Neolithic age, they were the Sargatian, Kozlov and Koshka archaeological cultures. They were semi-nomadic peoples, and the first settled settlements in this region were documented in the 13th century. At this time there was the capital of the Tyumen Khanate. In the 16th century a Russian prison was built here, designed to defend the lands belonging to Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich from raids by various invaders. Gradually, the city is expanding, except for the military, servicemen and merchants come here. After several destructive fires in the beginning of the 18th century, stone construction began in Tyumen. In the 19th century, when the importance of the main city of the Tobolsk county comes down, the flowering of Tyumen begins. Rapid development of the city contributed to the construction of a railway in it. Over the century, it has become a major commercial and industrial center of the region. Many architectural monuments of Tyumen are being built, which today constitute the property of the settlement. The second industrial spurt was expected by the city during the Second World War, when several large industrial enterprises were evacuated here. A new round of development of Tyumen begins in the 60s during the active development of oil and gas fields in the region. A long and rich history was reflected in the various monuments of the city.

Historical monuments

Famous cultural monuments of Tyumen allow you to better imagine the history of this city, immerse in its atmosphere. As in any ancient Russian city, in Tyumen the most significant and interesting are the objects of temple architecture. Here, any tourist should pay attention to the Holy Trinity Monastery, whose stone building was erected in the early 18th century. The main cathedral is a beautiful white building with five chapters and a cubic base. This unique building combines the laconism of ancient Russian traditions with elements of Ukrainian baroque. The most ancient church of the city was the Annunciation Cathedral, unfortunately it was blown up in the 30s of the 20th century, but in the 21st century a copy was created, which is now in the square of the Deputies. A happier fate went to the Znamensky Cathedral, which was erected in the first half of the 17th century. Over the course of its long life, the cathedral was rebuilt more than once, but today it retained its original features of Russian baroque. Of secular buildings of historical importance are the surviving buildings of the first female gymnasium of the 19th century, several merchant houses, the former Duma building, the former Alexander College.

Architectural monuments

Tyumen was built over several centuries, and today you can see several buildings from different eras. The main monuments of Tyumen architecture date back to the late 18th and 19th centuries. The cathedrals mentioned, as well as the Krestovozdvizhenskaya church of the late 18th century, the round church of All Saints at the end of the 19th century are undoubted monuments of the temple architecture. In addition to the cathedrals, the building of the dramatic theater, built in the middle of the 19th century in the style of classicism, is of interest. In its external appearance, the building resembles the architecture of the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. A classic Russian farmstead with restored interiors - the house of Kolokolnikov - recreates the merchant life of the 19th century, the building is a fine example of Empire style. Civil architecture is also represented by objects protected by the state, such as the house of AS Kolmakov, the merchant AF Averkiev, the shop of V. Zhernakov, the house of Ushakov, the Vladimir orphanage (late 19th century), the house of the Noble Assembly. In Tyumen, preserved several masterpieces of wooden architecture of the 19th century. There are also more recent architectural monuments in the city , for example, the water tower of the early 20th century, several houses of the beginning of the 20th century in Art Nouveau style, a round house in the style of constructivism.

Monuments to heroes

In Tyumen, there are many monuments that perpetuate the memory of the heroes of various events. On the street of the Republic you can see a monument - a mass grave to the victims of the Civil War. In the post-revolutionary years Tyumen was the scene of a fierce struggle between the White and Red armies. In the course of these events, many civilians died. The first obelisk in their honor was established as far back as 1927, and in 1967 the monument of sculptor VI Belov appeared. Also in the city in 1957 a monument to the fighters of the revolution was erected on the Alexander Square. Like in many Russian cities, the monuments of the war of Tyumen are especially respected. This is a monument in honor of the rear workers, created by a group of artists led by A. Medvedev in 2010, and a bas-relief in memory of the soldiers who died in the Second World War on the Historical Square. Also in the city there is a monument to the scout, Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Kuznetsov, installed in 1967, a monument to the paratrooper soldier, a monument to the deceased police officers.

Monuments of the Soviet period

Almost all cities of the former Soviet Union in the central square is a monument to Lenin, in Tyumen, too, there is such a monument. He appeared here in 1979. A large-scale 9-meter bronze sculpture was created by the architect Gavrilov. During the Soviet era, the already mentioned monuments to the victims of wars, the rear workers were erected. In the park of railwaymen you can see several sculptures of the same period of time. The memory of the heroes of different events was traditionally perpetuated in a place that in 1987 was called Heroes Square. Here stands a monument to soldiers who died from wounds in hospitals in Tyumen, a monument in honor of the Mother grieving for the deceased soldier, several memorable signs. In 1968, the Eternal Flame Memorial in honor of the heroes of Tyumen was opened on the Historical Square.

Monuments to citizens of the city

After perestroika, the city began to put more monuments into the city, commemorating the inhabitants of the city. Today the monuments of Tyumen, a photo with a description of which occupy more than one page in the guidebook, are of particular interest to tourists and local historians. In 2006, a monument to the discoverer of the Tyumen oil, Yuri Ervye, appeared on the Republic Street, which for many years worked in the city and was the first to scientifically prove the prospect of developing local oil deposits. In 2008, on the boulevard with the same name, a monument to A. I. Tekutyev appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, he was one of the largest entrepreneurs and donated large sums for the improvement of the city. The sculpture was created by the artist A. Antonov and the architect M. Belik. In 2014, a monument was erected in honor of another major philanthropist, merchant N. Chukmaldin, on the boulevard of his name. In 2004, B.Shcherbine, a prominent politician of Soviet times, appeared in the city, who did a lot for the development of Tyumen. In 2009, a monument was erected to a geologist, a German doctor and a scientist V. Steller, who participated in Kamchatka expeditions of Bering and died in 1746 in Tyumen.

Monument to the victims of repression

In 1997, the monuments of the city of Tyumen were enriched with one more stone in honor of the victims of the repressions of 1937-38. The place of erection of the monument was chosen not accidentally, here in the 30s there was a mass burial of the victims of the shootings. Today, a birch grove grows here, in which was laid a large granite stone with a marble memorial cross and inscription. Also in the city there is a commemorative plaque in honor of the special settlers - victims of repression, and a commemorative sign in honor of those shot in the 1930s.

Monument to Saint Philotheos of Leszczynski

The main monuments of Tyumen are dedicated to Soviet people, the only monument in honor of the church figure appeared in 2007. Monument to Saint Philotheus of Leszczynski is set in the square opposite the Holy Trinity Monastery, the founder of which he once was. The mayor initiated the creation of the monument. The author of the sculpture was the architect AF Medvedev, who won the announced contest for the best project. The sculpture depicts a saint walking through the altar arch in a hood and with a staff, he is greeted by representatives of the Cossacks and the peoples of the North.

Monument to the First Shipbuilders

A bright sculptural group in honor of the First shipbuilding plant in Siberia replenished the monuments of Tyumen in 2010. It is located on the embankment of the River Tours and represents a group of two figures: the engineer Hector Gullet and the merchant of the first guild II Ignatov. The engineer in the middle of the 19th century was the organizer of a mechanical plant in Tyumen. This enterprise was the first in Siberia among those who switched from handicraft to industrial production of ships. Personal funds in the creation of the plant, the opening of the power plant and the first public elevator in Siberia were invested by the merchant Ignatov. The performer of the sculptural group was the Ekaterinburg Art Fund, the author's name is unknown.

Unusual monuments

In the city there are many interesting sculptures and monuments that enliven and diversify the urban landscape. In 2010, on the Quay of Tours, a sculptural group appeared in honor of the Great Kamchatka expeditions. The center of the composition is occupied by the figure of VI Bering, whose two expeditions passed through Tyumen. In 2014, a small corner appeared in the town of Aptekarsky Garden with the figure of G. Rasputin, who, according to legend, was treated in a local hospital after being wounded in 1914. The sculpture was created by the artist V. Zolotukhin, tourists and local residents are happily photographed on a chair next to Rasputin. In 2010, a monument to a dog appeared in the Central Park (Tyumen), which is designed to remind residents of the city that it is necessary to love all animals, especially the destitute. Sculpture is also a piggy bank, in which you can omit money that will go to help homeless animals.

Monument to Mother

In 2010 a very unusual monument appeared in the city. Monument to my mother in Tyumen was coined by representatives of the Central District administration, for him was allocated a place in the park near the perinatal center. The author of the sculpture was the artist PS Starchenko. The monument depicts a sculptural group, the basis of the composition is the figure of a woman in late pregnancy, surrounded by happy children. First, the author wanted to portray a happy father next, but it was decided that the pope was worthy of a separate monument. Soon in one of the squares near the cinema appeared a monument in honor of his father, so that justice was observed.

Sculptures

Some monuments of Tyumen are a decoration of the city and a reminder of ordinary people, and a lot of interesting sculptures have been installed on the streets and squares, which cause a smile and are traditional places for holding photo sessions. At the entrance to the city guests are greeted by the composition "Tyumen flying", which symbolizes the wives, sisters, mothers of the Decembrists, who did not let them lose hope. An unusual sculptural group "How the Motherland Begins" was established in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Tyumen region. It immortalized the memory of those killed in all wars and conflicts. Behind the figure of the boy in his grandfather's overcoat is a wall with photo frames, where Tyumen citizens can insert photos of their deceased relatives. On the territory of Tyumen University you can see the unusual sculpture "Saint Tatiana", which is the patroness of Russian students. Opposite the circus is the sculptural group "Trio", which depicts three famous clowns: Oleg Popov, Pencil and Yuri Nikulin. And in the city there is an unusual sculpture "Plumber", composition "Globe", monuments to Aibolit, Dvornik and Postman.