Mineral fertilizers. Plant of mineral fertilizers. Complex mineral fertilizers

Not every soil is fertile enough to grow a good crop. Help to achieve a result in such cases help all sorts of mineral fertilizers. There are a lot of them, for different plant varieties and soil types. The market is filled with products of large companies, for example, such as "Meleuz mineral fertilizers", but there is also a place for competition. What you need to know about this product? What are the types of fertilizers? How to start a business in their production? Dealing with all these issues is not so difficult.

What it is?

As a rule, mineral fertilizers are salts in which elements necessary for the growth and development of plants are contained. These are inorganic substances that strongly affect the chemical, physical and biological processes in the soil, transforming the solubility of its nutrients and changing the microbiological composition. Plants through the roots receive all the necessary elements and grow more actively, causing the overall productivity of the fertilized field or meadow to increase noticeably. Correctly using, for example, the products of the company "Balakovo Mineral Fertilizers" can achieve an excellent effect. Not only the yield, but also the quality of the produce will improve. Thus, the technological properties of fibers grow in spinning crops, sugar beet, berries and fruits increase in sugar content, grain protein increases protein content, and in sunflower - oiliness. Most farms use domestic chemical products, such as the popular Russian company Voskresensk Mineral Fertilizers, as well as a small number of natural salts: potassium, sodium, or Chilean, nitrate and industrial waste. The amount of substances used per hectare of land is carefully monitored and determined by the regulations.

Types and purpose of fertilizers

These substances have many different classifications. So, for agronomic purposes, direct mineral fertilizers and indirect fertilizers can be distinguished. The first contain those elements that are necessary for direct nutrition of plants (magnesium, sodium, copper and phosphorus). Indirect are used to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and usually include gypsum.

In addition, the first species can also be divided into two groups: complex mineral fertilizers and one-sided ones. The latter contains only one nutritious element. These include ammonium, calcium, sodium nitrate, urea, superphosphate, precipitate, potassium chloride, potassium salt and microfertilizers. Complex mineral fertilizers contain several elements. They include ammophos and nitrophos.

With regard to the form of release, there are three types of these feedings. So, there are solid, granular or powdered substances (such, by the way, most of all). As an example, we can cite the products of the same company "Voskresensk mineral fertilizers". Another type is liquid agents, for example, ammonia water or ammonia.

The following classification distinguishes alkaline, neutral and acidic fertilizers. The composition of the first differs by anions, which are easily assimilated by plants, and cations that alkalize the soil. The latter act on the contrary. Finally, the neutral does not affect the state of the soil solution.

Demand in agriculture

The effect of such remedies becomes more pronounced when using technological crop cultivation: with stable irrigation, taking into account the norms for a particular soil and plant variety, using organic additives. Most often, mineral fertilizers are used in the spring, when crops are sowing. In addition, they can be used in the fall. Additional nutrition to plants can be provided by feeding during vegetation. Using responsive varieties guarantees the maximum result. Mineral fertilizers can be introduced in various ways: it is spread out with the help of airplanes or seeders, and with plowing, harrowing or cultivating, and local, in holes or rows. With liquid substances, the seeds can be treated before sowing, soaking in solution or dusting.

Benefit or harm?

In some soils, there is a serious shortage of this or that element. Artificial introduction of it is a good way to improve the situation. It should also be taken into account that there are mineral and organic fertilizers, and if the former can be dangerous, the latter for the ecology are completely harmless. So, if you are afraid of chemicals, use natural substances, such as manure, peat or compost. When used correctly, they are safe for plants and people. Harm is caused only by their overabundance. So, soil with a high content of peat becomes too greasy for the crop, and manure can simply burn seedlings. But it will not affect people's health in any way. The danger is only mineral fertilizers. For plants, or rather, for accelerated growth and ripening of the crop, nitrate and nitrate are often used. These are nitrate mixtures from nitric acid, they are especially harmful. The fact is that nitrogen salts come from plants into the human body, turning into nitrites, which can cause poisoning and even provoke cancer. Therefore, in some countries this type of recharge is prohibited.

What substances do plants need during growth?

You can argue a lot about the dangers of mineral fertilizers, but even natural components are assimilated by plants only after decay into an inorganic form. Therefore, in a sense, it does not matter how to fertilize the soil - humus or saltpetre. In order not to damage your crop, it is worthwhile to figure out what exactly the plant needs at different stages of its existence and development. During the germination of seeds and up to the formation of inflorescences, germs are most needed for nitrogen. It is needed for the formation of plant tissues, for which it serves as a kind of building material. During the development of buds and buds the most important for plants is phosphorus. And when the plant prepares for the winter, the maximum value gets potassium. Of course, in any of these periods, other substances are needed, and the life cycle can not be divided into clear intervals for the consumption of exclusively nitrogen or phosphorus. But nevertheless, knowing such a feature of plant organisms, it is possible to apply fertilization more competently.

When is fertilizer useless?

Not always the introduction of additional substances into the soil can produce the expected effect. Even if you have considered the cycle of plant life and used the most suitable fertilizers, the result may disappoint you. What are the most common mistakes gardeners make? Most often, the absence of the effect is due to the fact that the fertilizer was introduced into a completely dry soil. Another mistake is the wrong timing for fertilizing. Some can not properly diagnose the plant visually and pick up the right substance. Fertilizer can also be introduced in a form that is not available for digestion, or too large, or, conversely, insufficient quantity. Finally, a poor harvest may not be associated with top dressing. Plants can simply get sick or be attacked by beetles, in such cases the situation can not be improved by fertilizer alone.

Tips for the proper use of chemicals

In order to use mineral fertilizers successfully, several simple recommendations should be followed. First, use the substances in the complex, not trying to limit yourself only to organic matter, or, conversely, to a ready-mixed mixture. Secondly, use any tool in moderation. Even manure works for three years after a single application, what can we say about mineral fertilizers! Chemistry in unlimited quantities will kill plants or lead to their illnesses. And thirdly, choosing complex means, make sure that they contain both micro- and macro-elements. Liquid preparations "Giant" or "Gumistar", as well as granulated or powdered "Agricola" or "Orton", will work well.

It is a good idea to give the soil sample for analysis to the laboratory before using the fertilizer. There you will not only be prompted by what substances are not enough, but will help you choose the plants that will grow in your best. If a deficit of specific elements is found, use fertilizers with this particular substance, but do not apply it all season. A few times will be quite enough.

If you want to prepare the mixture yourself, read some rules. Urea is not combined with ammonium nitrate, nitrofosco should not be mixed with potassium chloride in any case. Such mixtures can not only lose their usefulness, but also acquire harmful properties.

The number of entries for each culture is different. This issue needs to be clarified for all plants, because applying fertilizers to the eye can be dangerous both to the environment and to people's health.

Finally, the weather also matters. On a warm day, fertilizers are absorbed faster and better. If this weather lasts a long time, the next feeding can be done in a week. But on the cold days it is better to wait two. Then you will be able to avoid the accumulation of nitrates in your vegetables and fruits, and also get a plentiful harvest.

Nitrogen fertilizers as a business

Previously it was assumed that the production of such chemicals requires an exceptionally large enterprise, but at the moment it is quite possible to open a small company. A small plant of mineral fertilizers differs quite high profitability and allows producing a number of demanded additives. On modern equipment it is best to produce small quantities of ammonia feed. It is the main raw material for nitrogen fertilizers. Previously, this substance was received at metallurgical enterprises as a by-product of coke processing. At the moment, ammonia is produced from oil waste. That is why, if possible, the plant of mineral fertilizers from ammonia should be located near oil processing centers or gas pipelines. For the transportation of raw materials, specialized tanks and steel tankers will be required. If the transportation distance is small, an ammonia pipeline can be created. High requirements are also imposed on the storage of raw materials. To do this, you need either cylinders or ground tanks.

Seasonal classification of fertilizers

You can also select a suitable tool using the calendar. Just pay attention to the percentage of nitrogen in the supplement. Fertilizers, in which it is more than five percent, will be suitable for use from the very beginning of planting until the fifteenth of July. After this date, it is worth choosing the means with a nitrogen content of less than five percent. This scheme is suitable for the cultivation of any perennial ornamental or fruit crops. If you grow annual vegetable crops, you will need another scheme. Here, it is not necessary to be guided by the amount of nitrogen, since such plants, in fact, stay only in the stage of growth, and the process of preparing for winter for them is not at all relevant. If you plan not to use but produce such fertilizers, and the amount of equipment does not allow you to produce a wide range, consider this scheme and make the mix according to the seasons. So you do not have to deal with goods that will not sell well.

What is the best way to produce?

The most popular are those nitrogenous mineral fertilizers, the price of which is available to everyone, and the effect is noticeable without much effort. These include saltpetre, with which you can increase the acidity of the soil. Another common option is ammonium sulfate from nitrogen and sulfur, which is available as a crystalline powder of white, yellow or pink shades. One of the best fertilizers is also urea. It is made in the form of granules or small crystals. The amount of nitrogen in it reaches forty five percent. In addition, nitrogen fertilizers also include sodium and calcium nitrates, which are used to alkalize soils. The production of any of the listed types of make-up is quite possible in the format of a small enterprise, and there is a demand for all these products.

Ammonia water

Separately, it is worth considering the cheapest and most common fertilizer. Ammoniac water does not require complicated technical operations for its production. Labor costs are also minimal, because the entire process can be completely mechanized. The resulting liquid is very highly effective, so the demand for it is always stable. This fertilizer is a 25% solution of ammonia in water. Its advantage is that it is suitable for any type of soil and any culture. It is good to use ammonia water in presowing cultivation, for top dressing of tilled plants and for basic cultivation of land. Store this product in special steel tanks with sealed lids. The only problem is the need to use special equipment for transporting and applying fertilizer to the soil. Without a cultivator, ammonia water can not be used. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that such agricultural machinery is quite common, so this shortcoming can hardly be called serious. So, starting a fertilizer production business with ammonia water is quite safe and cost-effective. And if the plant pays off only for two years, then such activities can begin to generate revenue even earlier.

Production of organic fertilizers

To broaden the scope of the market, you can also try to win supporters of natural components. In parallel with the production of chemical fertilizers, start the production of biohumus. This is a budgetary tool, the production line of which is easy to set up. You will need earthworms and organic waste. Organic, processed in this way, is considered very useful for the soil and is a success for those who do not accept the use of chemicals. If you are able to set up marketing activities and inform the maximum number of potential buyers about your product, the demand will be quite high, as biohumus is an innovative fertilizer that can not help attracting attention. In addition, such a business will help to establish links with farmers. You will supply them with your products, and they will provide organic waste, for example, rabbit droppings, which will process worms for the next batch of goods.