Management cycle in management

The managerial process is the organization of all types of economic activity of the enterprise. Based on their definition, management can not be separated from its object, and the nature of the functions of the management cycle depends on the specifics of the production or trade process.

General and special management functions

In the process of organizing the economic activity of the company, two types of functions are realized: those related to the general (which may concern all systems) or specific only for the given system.

General functions relate to those areas that are organized in the same way in different enterprises, for example, control of mail delivery, cleaning of office premises, repair of office equipment. Specific functions are inherent in the management process at a particular enterprise (finding specialists for programming robotic packers or repairing conveyor belts).

Managerial cycle of the organization

In general, the management of the company involves the following tasks:

• Development of perspective and current plans.
• Organization and regulation of production (trade, consulting or other) activities.
• Motivation and coordination of staff.
• Controlling and recording the results of the production process.

These groups of functions are the stages of the management cycle, which is expressed in planning, organization, motivation and control.

The management cycle is called it because this sequence of management actions is characterized by continuity. It has a beginning, then it must be repeated for a certain period of time (week, decade, month, quarter, year).

The importance of planning in the context of enterprise activity

This function is rightly called the most important in the entire management process. Its implementation ensures proportional production volumes, uninterrupted operation of various units, as well as rational use of available material, labor and financial resources. Actual and competent planning is necessary for organizing the correct course of production, that is, for the dynamic balance of the internal production processes.

In fact, planning can be called setting goals and identifying ways to achieve them.

Types of planning: strategic

The development of plans, as the first of the stages of the management cycle, precedes all the others. For each level of the organization, a specific type of planning is characteristic .

At the highest level, strategic plans are being developed . In the sphere of production strategy is called the optimal set of rules and techniques that facilitate the implementation of the mission, as well as the achievement of the company's general and private goals. The main task of strategic planning is the definition of the main course, that is, the style of the company's behavior in the occupied market niche.

The definition of ways to bypass crisis situations or to take up new positions in the market also includes such management. The management cycle, the stage of which is strategic planning, as a rule, is rather lengthy. Usually the development of global plans takes place every one, three or five years.

What is tactical and operational planning?

At the middle and lower levels of management , tactical and operational plans are developed accordingly.

Tactical planning refers to the definition of intermediate goals designed to ensure the implementation of strategic objectives. This type of activity is included in the management cycle of middle managers.

The result of operational planning is those goals that managers develop directly at the execution sites. Their duties include setting daily tasks (short-term tactics).

The described types of planning represent a common system - a general or general plan (business plan of the enterprise). Planning is the only way to reduce the level of market risks and uncertainties.

Principles of planning

Proceeding from the fact that the whole management cycle is based on planning, it should be implemented from the positions:

• Complexity. This means that all significant events and situations must be taken into account in the process.
• Accuracy. The construction of actual and realistic plans becomes possible by using all available means, tactics, procedures and methods of forecasting that modern technology provides.
• Continuity (the relationship between the prospective and the current planning).
• Flexibility (sometimes to achieve priority goals, you must abandon ballast).
• Economical. Compliance with the proportionality of planning costs with the resulting winnings avoids unnecessarily high costs.

The principle of integrity, combining the process of developing prospective and current plans, is considered the main condition necessary for the continuity of the production process, the smooth operation of the enterprise and the stability of its economic contacts.

Stage of organization

The organization is the next stage after the planning, which continues the management cycle. At this stage, the manager's task is to create optimal conditions for the activity of all participants in the team to be effective. He needs to coordinate the efforts of the staff and direct them to achieve the set goals.

The implementation of this function is made possible by the formation of an organizational structure in the enterprise. To successfully implement the planned activities, managers identify responsible persons and designate performers for specific tasks. In addition, their responsibility is to ensure that throughout the entire technological process, there is no shortage of resources (equipment, finance, labor).

A few words about motivation

An integral component of each successful enterprise is the interest of personnel in the performance of their labor functions. Encouraging employees to engage in active activities, involving them in the joint achievement of corporate goals, as well as finding ways to improve their performance qualitatively, is called motivation. The most common methods that contribute to strengthening the "fighting spirit" of the organization's employees are encouraging:

• Material.
• Moral.

The means of material rewards include bonuses, bonuses and benefits, additional payments and gifts.

Promotion of a moral character - this is praise, public expression of gratitude, placing the photo on the honor board and others.

Control - the final stage of the management cycle

After actions have been taken to achieve the objectives, their result must be measured, evaluated and compared with the planned indicators.
The essence of control, which ends the management cycle, is to analyze the data and adjust further instructions.

In the practice of management, three types of control are distinguished:

• Preliminary.
• Current.
• Final.

Changes in previously adopted decisions and making adjustments to algorithms, instructions and rules become the beginning of a new management cycle. After all, it is necessary to re-plan activities taking into account new parameters, to distribute tasks and to monitor their implementation. The result of the new cycle is also necessarily subjected to study and analysis.

Duration of the management cycle

The main managerial cycles are characterized by flowing in space and time. Their duration can be from several minutes to months, the place of application are groups, teams of performers and the company itself.

Therefore, we can talk about two types of measurement of the control cycle:

• Time.
• Spatial framework.

A good manager is interested in minimizing the time spent on each cycle. On closer examination, it can be seen that the speed of the main actions: the collection, transmission and processing of information, the cycle of managerial decisions (development and adoption), and the organization of execution affect the duration of the management process.

Savings of temporary resources are possible with simplification of organizational and documentary procedures, the use of technical means in the process of performing a number of procedures, and also with a reduction in the time required for individual operations.