Losses from sales: posting, accounting

Organizations that deal with wholesale trade store stocks of products in warehouses. From obsolete goods periodically need to get rid of. They can be written off or sold at a price below cost. Enterprises can also sell equipment at a negotiated cost that is below the balance sheet. How in such cases to write off the loss from selling the OS?

Legislation

The loss, which is formed as a result of the sale of equipment, is considered by the taxpayer as part of income tax expenses (Article 268 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). It is included in other expenses and is written off in equal parts over the remaining useful life.

In the BU, an account 91 "Other income and expenses" is used to display information on the sale and purchase of the OS, as well as the subaccount "Disposal of equipment". On ДТ the cost of the written-off object is displayed, in КТ - the accumulated depreciation. After disposal, the residual value is written off to account 91.

Selling OS with loss: posting

• DT01 sub-account "Disposal" KT01 sub-account "OS in use" - the initial cost of the object was written off.
• ДТ02 КТ01 sub-account "Disposal" - written off accrued depreciation.
• DT91 sub-account "Other expenses" KT01 sub-account "Disposal" - the residual value was written off.
• ДТ62 (76) КТ91 "Other incomes" - the equipment was sold at the agreed price.
• ДТ91 "Other expenses" КТ68 - VAT is added.
• ДТ50 (51) КТ62 (76) - the payment has arrived.
• ДТ99 КТ91 - the financial result is reflected.

In the BU, the amount of the loss from the sale of equipment is fully involved in determining the final financial result of the organization. In NU, the amount of loss for the reporting period is partially reflected, and in the BU - in full, that is, there are tax differences. Therefore, in addition to the above entries, you need to generate such postings:

- at the moment of sale: ДТ09 КТ68 - the tax asset is reflected;

- monthly: DT68 КТ09 - the tax asset was partially repaid.

1C

The implementation of equipment is reflected in the program on account 91. Postings are formed by the document "Transfer of OS". The financial result is estimated by comparing the amounts of KT 90.01.1 and 90.02.1 for each object.

In the document "Operation (BU and OU)" on the NU tab, you should display the sales losses. Postings: КТ91.09 ДТ97.03. Time differences are indicated by the entry KT91.02.П ДТ97.03.

The next step is to fill in the directory "Expenses of future periods":

• Type BPO - the implementation of the depreciated facility.
• Recognition of expenses - by months.
• The amount of loss.
• Start of charge-off - 01 day of the month following the current one.
• The end of the write-off is 30 (31) the day of the month in which the object will be fully written off.
• Account: 91.02.
• Subcontom BU (NU) - article "Finest results after the implementation of the OS".

Next, the regulatory documents for the month should be made: the determination of the financial result, the calculation of the NPP.

Implementation of securities

The procedure for determining the basis for taxation is regulated by Art. 214 of the Tax Code. The provisions described therein are applicable to operations of the CB's realization, exchange, conversion and repayment.

Consider how the profit is calculated, the loss from sales. Formula:

Rezultatat = income from sales - costs.

Revenue is accounted for separately for certificates that are traded on the market, and for those that do not appear in the listing, but meet the requirements set by the Central Bank. According to the Tax Code, the date of receipt is recognized:

• In cash - the day of transfer of funds to the brokerage account of the trustee or the holder of the Central Bank.
• In-kind - day of transfer of income. Usually in such operations, some certificates are exchanged for others.

When calculating the financial result, such expenses are taken into account:

• The amounts transferred to the issuer paid under the contract;
• Payment for services of professional participants of the securities market;
• A surcharge, a discount paid by the unit investment fund when buying or redeeming a unit;
• Exchange fee;
• Paid taxes;
• Payment for the services of registrars;
• Amounts of% paid by the holder for loans received for the purpose of making transactions with the Central Bank;
• Other costs associated with the purchase of certificates.

If the taxpayer has exchanged the Central Bank, only the amounts paid for the initial certificates are recognized in the income. All costs must be documented.

How is the profit, loss from sales? The postings are as follows:

• DT76 KT91-1 - a positive financial result has been obtained from the sale of shares of another organization;
• ДТ91-2 КТ58-1 (76) - the value of the Central Bank and the costs associated with their acquisition have been written off.

Examples

In 2014, the company sold the securities under the sale and purchase agreements:

• 01.04 - 10 thousand pieces were sold. Shares for 1.5 million rubles;
• 25.04 - 50 shares that are not traded on the market were sold for 50 thousand rubles.

The total amount of costs for the storage of the first group of securities amounted to 1.3 million rubles, and the second - 55 thousand rubles. The financial result is calculated separately.

1. 1,5 - 1,3 = 0,2 thousand rubles.

2. 50 - 55 = - 0.5 thousand rubles.

That is, the organization received a loss from the sale of shares that were not traded on the market.

Features

The basis for calculating taxes is the profit from the realization of the Central Bank. At the same time, if transactions on non-negotiable certificates were made in the reporting period, the profit from them is reduced by the loss received for other transactions with similar securities.

In 2015, there were 2 purchase and sale transactions for certificates that do not circulate on the market. One received a profit of 300 thousand rubles, and the second - a loss of 25 thousand rubles. In such a situation, the basis for calculating the tax will be the aggregate financial result: 300 - 25 = 275 thousand rubles.

Circulation of bills

The financial result from transactions with such securities is determined in the manner described above: the amount of all costs is deducted from the sales proceeds. According to the Tax Code, the loss from the sale of promissory notes and other securities obtained in the previous period may reduce the tax base for transactions with similar certificates in the current period. It follows that the profit from the main activity can not be reduced by negative financial result from transactions with the Central Bank.

The bill can be presented for payment ahead of time. In order to take into account the financial result for such transactions as transactions with the Central Bank, it is necessary that bills be purchased as a Central Bank. That is, there must be a document confirming the fact that the certificate was bought and sold for money.

If the bill was received as a means of payment, there is no financial result from the operations for its redemption. Organizations can not calculate separately the tax base for such transactions and attribute the discount amount to losses.

Compensation

The Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for individuals the possibility of transferring a negative financial result to the following tax periods for securities circulating on the market. Losses on operations reduce the base for the calculation of personal income tax. The amounts not taken into account in the current year may be transferred to the next year in full or in part. The same figure can be reduced nine times.

Selling materials at a loss

Remains in warehouses that are obsolete are subject to write-off or sale. In the second case, the selling price is likely to be less than the purchase price. The resulting loss is taken into account when taxing profits, sales proceeds - as part of sales proceeds, and costs are attributable to production costs (Article 268 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If the transaction price is more than 20% deviated to one side or another from the market value of similar goods, the tax can add additional NPP and interest.

Operating activities

To display the financial result from the usual types of employment, there is a 90 "Sales" account. To it subaccounts are generated, according to which:

• 90.01 - Income from sales.
• 90.02 - The cost price.
• 90.07 - Expenses for implementation.
• 90.09 - "Profit / loss from sales".

Example

For a month, 900 thousand rubles were transferred to the cashier's office. As revenue. The cost of goods sold is 790 thousand rubles. Expenses for sales - 68 thousand rubles. We calculate the profit, loss from sales. Postings:

• ДТ50 КТ90.01 - 900 000 - revenue is received.
• ДТ90.02 КТ41 - 790 000 - cost of goods is taken into account.
• ДТ90.07 КТ44 - 68 000 - expenses are written off.

Financial results:

• ДТ90.01 КТ 90.09 - 900 000
• ДТ90.09 КТ90.02 - 790 000
• DT90.09 KT90.07 - 68,000

The final balance of the account is 90.09: 900 - (790 + 68) = 42 000.

At the end of the reporting period, the enterprise received a profit.

If the RPs were larger than CT, the account would be closed by posting:

ДТ99 КТ 90.09 - the loss is recognized.

Commodity allowances

Sometimes the prices for products change in the middle of the billing period. Consider an example of an increase in the trade mark-up in the form of the same percentage for all goods.

Formulas:

• Gross revenue = Turnover * Increase / 100.
• Add-on = Trade mark-up (%) / (100 + Trade mark-up (%)).

In LLC, the balance of goods on account 41 as of 01.07 was 12.5 thousand rubles. The trade margin for 01.07 (account 42) was 3.1 thousand rubles. In July, the production was purchased for the amount of 37 thousand rubles. without VAT. For all goods, a trading surcharge was added - 35%. The firm received revenue in the amount of 51 thousand rubles. (Including VAT - 7.78 thousand rubles). Sales costs - 5 thousand rubles.

The amount of the trade mark-up was:

- for new products: 37,000 x 35% = 12,950 rubles.

- for sold products: 35% / (100 + 35%) = 25.93%.

Gross income: 51 x 0.2593 / 100 = 13 222 rubles.

We will display profits in the BU, losses from sales. Postings:

• ДТ50 КТ 90-1 - 51 000 - the revenue is reflected.
• ДТ90-3 КТ68 - 7780 - VAT.
• ДТ90-2 КТ42 - 13 222 - the amount of the mark-up is written off.
• DT90-2 KT41 - 51,000 - the cost of sales is written off.
• ДТ90-2 КТ44 - 5000 - expenses for sale are considered.
• ДТ90-9 КТ99 - the profit in the sum is received: 51 000 - 7780 - (-13 222) - 51 000 - 5000 = 442 rbl.

There are also cases when a premium is assigned separately to each group of goods. Then the formula for calculating gross income will be:

VD = (Turnover (1) x Extra charge + ... + Turnover (n) x Increment) / 100

The balance of goods at the beginning of the month is 16,800 rubles. Obtained products for the amount of 33.2 thousand rubles. The commodity margin is 39% for the rest of the goods and 26% for the new arrival. Revenues from sales - 50 000 rubles. (Including VAT - 7627 rubles). The cost of the sale is 3000 rubles.

We calculate the trade mark-up:

- for the first group of goods: 39 / (100 + 39) = 28.06%;
- for the second group of products: 26 / (100 + 26) = 20.64%.

Gross revenue for the month will be:

16.8 x 0.2806 + 33.2 x 0.2064) / 100 = 11 564 rubles.

We display this data in the BU:

• ДТ50 КТ90-1 - 50000 - the revenue is reflected.
• ДТ90-3 КТ68 - 7627 - VAT is included.
• ДТ90-2 КТ42 - 11564 - the trading extra charge is written off.
• DT90-2 KT41 - 50000- the cost of sales is written off.
• ДТ90-2 КТ44 - 3000 - expenses are taken into account.
• ДТ90-9 КТ99 - profit from the sale: 50 000 - 7627- (-11 564) - 50 000 - 3000 = 937 rubles.

To calculate NPP, you need to know the purchase price of the goods. It is calculated based on the amount of the trade margin. But the results of calculations in the tax and accounting may differ. For example, interest for the use of credit in the accounting institution is taken into account in the cost of production, and in NU - are included in non-operating expenses.