Kubensky lake, Vologda region: description, features of fishing and reviews

In the European part of Russia lies Kubensky Lake. Below, we will consider its description.

Geographical position

Lake of glacial origin, formed among the relict forest on a marshy lowland, filled with thawed waters retreating to the north of the glacier. It is located in the upper reaches of the Northern Dvina, 30 km north of Vologda. The Kubensky Lake is stretched from south-east to north-west, its length is 54 km, width - 12 km, area - about 370 sq. Km. Km. Dimensions fluctuate due to significant spring spills and the filling of the reservoir with sediments. During the summer and autumn rains, its area can reach 410 square meters. Km. It is located Kubenskoe Lake at an altitude of 110 meters above sea level.

Description of the lake

The eastern shore, which is covered with forest, slopes down to the water and is often flooded, on the west coast there is a small hill. The average depth of the Kubensky Lake is 1.2-2 meters, but during the thawing of the snow, water can rise to 13 meters.

To regulate the water level and ensure navigation in 1834 on the Sukhona 7.5 km from the source was built dam "Famous". This actually turned Kubensky Lake into a reservoir with a controlled drain. In winter and until the end of the spring flood on Sukhona, the base of the sluice falls to the bottom, as the overturning of thawed water creates a reverse flow on the river.

Lake Kubenskoe (Vologda region) feeds on the waters of more than thirty rivers, its catchment basin is 14,400 square kilometers. Km. The largest tributary is the river of Kuben with a length of 368 km, flows into the reservoir from the east, forming a huge delta. The second largest river, Uftuga (117 km), flows into the lake from the north. Smaller tributaries: Porozovitsa (34 km) in the north and Greater Elma (60 km) in the west. Ten more rivers have a length of 10-20 km. Stoke from the lake is carried out along the Sukhona River, flowing two streams from the southeast.

The minimum water level in the lake is recorded in March, the maximum is in May, and in June it is declining. In the period of the reverse current on the Sukhona, water in the Kubensky Lake arrives at 30-40 cm per day. In the summer, storms and storms are frequent on the lake, it freezes at the end of November and beginning of December, being released from the ice in late April or early May.

History

The lake takes its name from the Kubena River. The end of "-ena" is probably Finno-Ugric, meaning "big water", and the meaning of the root "cube" is unknown. Presumably, it comes from the language of the disappeared tribes, who lived in the ancient times in the territory of the Vologda region.

In the 11th-12th centuries the region north of the Kubensky Lake was dependent on the Novgorod Republic, which laid the trade route along Sheksna through the lake to Sukhona, and then along the Northern Dvina to the White Sea. Sami Kubensky lands were the property of Rostov-Suzdal princes, and later there were specific princedoms of Yaroslavl Rurikovich.

In 1692, the young Peter the Great spent two months on the lake, after experimenting with the construction of ships on Pereyaslavl Lake, looking for a vast reservoir. The length of the lake was impressed by the tsar, but the results of the depth measurements were very disappointing.

In the XIX century the lake was included in the North-Dvina water system with the help of the canal of Alexander Wirthberg (now the North-Dvinsky Canal), dug in 1825-1829.

A comprehensive study of the Kubensky Lake was carried out in 1972 by the Vologda-Arkhangelsk hydrographic expedition.

Flora and fauna

The lake flora is represented by 57 plant species. About 4,800 hectares are occupied by dense thickets of sedge, forming floodplain meadows in the mouth of the Kubena, at the confluence of Uftyuga and several other sites. Reed thickets cover an area of 540 hectares, and the massifs of the mountaineer of the amphibian are approaching 2000 ha in size and are also located near the mouths of rivers. The rarefied thickets of rdesto cover a territory of 7000 hectares.

Fishing on the Kubensky Lake is always rich. It contains 19 species of fish: perch, ide, bream, ruff, sorghum, crucian, gudgeon, eel, chub, asp, dace, roach, chicken, bleak, pike, nelma, or nelmushka (a local variety of whitefish, quite rare) Snotok, gustera, burbot. Until now, rarely comes across the sterlet. Since the 1950s, a pike perch has appeared more and more often, before that it was not found in the lake. Ten species of fish are objects of commercial fishing, the volumes of which are steadily declining due to shallowing and pollution of the lake.

sights

In addition to natural beauties, the main attraction is the Spaso-Kamenny Monastery, one of the oldest in the Russian north, built on a vow in 1260 by Prince Gleb Vasilkovich Belozersky, who escaped during a violent storm. In 1528 he was visited by the Grand Duke Vasily III. During the Soviet era, it was abolished, and the premises were given to the fish factory. The Transfiguration Cathedral was blown up in the late 1930s and rebuilt by 2009. In the largest coastal village of Ustye there is an old chapel church, a local history museum, and nearby the Lysogorsky monastery.

Fishery

Fish stocks of the lake are gradually depleted, the volume of industrial catch falls for several decades: from 616 tons in 1938 to 285 in 1953, only 72 tons in 2013. In the 1990s, a huge amount of fish was caught by poachers (estimated total Annual catch can exceed 900 tons). The fish population is adversely affected by shallowing of the lake, as a result of which traditional spawning grounds are not covered by water, and also an abnormally high temperature for several years, which has a particularly strong effect on the number of ruff.

Industrial pollution plays an important role: on the banks of the reservoir there are more than 180 agricultural farms, two pig farms and various production facilities. Hopes for restoring fish populations are associated with Sukhona flow regulation projects that could raise the average water level from the current 1.2 meters to the previous two meters.

Due to extreme shallow water, amateur fishing in summer is possible only from boats, which are abundant in local residents, who lease them for tourists. In order to protect Nelma, fishing is prohibited on its spawning grounds in the area of the mouth of the Kubena and the confluence of Pelma and Nyga, three kilometers into the water. In the rest of the lake, this fish, which was excluded in 1999 from the Red Book, is allowed to fish.

Unlike tourists, in most arrivals on passenger water transport, amateur anglers often complain about the lack of convenient access roads to the lake, but equipped fishing bases on it.

The main object of the amateur fishery is the perch, which is found in large quantities, although on average its weight does not exceed 100-250 grams. Forecast biting on the Kubensky lake is always good, except for the period of high water. The cleave reaches its peak by the end of the summer-autumn season.

Winter fishing

Winter fishing on the Kubensky lake is very popular. Local fishermen are well aware of the places of the winter congestion of perch on the shallows near the mouths of rivers. A week after the freeze-up, the most active biting begins, continuing until the end of January. February and especially March are the least successful period for winter fishing. When ice begins to melt, the fish starts pecking again. Experienced fishermen catch a perch from floating ice floes, to which they reach by boats. Catch in winter on the balancer, mormyshku and winter spoon-bait. With good biting from one hole, you can get 30 kg of fish. It is more difficult to catch white fish in winter than perch. Only just before the ice drifts, the roach and the scoundrel bite well.

Reviews about Kubensky lake

Tourists say that there is something to see. You can spend time on the beach, swim on a hot summer day. All visitors try to visit the Spaso-Stone Monastery on the island right in the middle of the lake. Also, travelers are positive about the recreation centers located in the vicinity of the lake, where you can stop. Most of the bases are located along the Kubene River, there is a camp site and near Ustye. At some distance from the lake there is a cozy "Morino Manor", and on the bank of the Great Elm there is a mini-hotel "Omogayevsky". Especially a lot of enthusiastic reviews about the base for the whole family "Exokark Vysokovskoe", where ostriches, peacocks, pheasants and representatives of the local predatory fauna live. It is located upstream of the Kubena.

Also it is possible to hear and responses of hunters who come on lake Kubenskoe for game. The hunting season for waterfowl opens in the spring, but there is not a lot of catch. In the surrounding forests there are moose, bears and wild boars, which are hunted in autumn and winter.

Fishermen-amateurs, sharing their impressions of fishing on this lake, talk about good biting and always a big catch.