Interesting facts about Moscow for schoolchildren. History of Moscow: interesting facts

Parents of schoolchildren who live in the capital of Russia probably have repeatedly asked the child to tell us some interesting facts about Moscow. Most often these questions force adults to think about what they know about such a big city with a rich history. The capital of Russia is impressive with many beautiful architectural monuments and other sights. About any historical place in Moscow you can tell almost the whole day. In addition, in the Russian capital throughout its existence there have been many noteworthy events. This article presents interesting facts about Moscow. For students and small children this information will be very useful and exciting.

When was the modern capital of Russia founded?

Until now, scientists have not formed a consensus on the age of Moscow. For the first time its name appears in the Ipatiev Chronicle (1147). According to legend, Moscow was founded by Prince Yury Dolgoruky. A few years later he fortified the city by erecting wooden walls.

As for the origin of the name "Moscow", it should be noted that in the Middle Ages there lived tribes not only Slavs, but also Finno-Ugrians. Most likely, it was from the lexicon of the latter that the word "mosk" was used, which meant something raw and viscous. Scientists explain this origin of the name of the city by the fact that in ancient times there was only a small swamp in the territory of the modern megalopolis.

Medieval history of Moscow: interesting facts

As it was said before, the capital of Russia was laid in the beginning of the XII century. Since then, there have been many events, which will be interesting to know and adults and children. However, parents, telling stories to their child, should be sure that interesting facts about Moscow are accurate and scientifically confirmed.

So, now it is reliably known that the Red Square appeared in the XV century. Its emergence is connected with the decree of Ivan III, who did not allow the construction of any structures near the Kremlin to prevent fires. So there was an empty space on the east side of the walls. It should be noted that initially it was called "fire". Until the XVII century. The square was built on four sides. Then she acquired her modern look.

Speaking about the Kremlin, it is important to note that it was originally built of white stone. The construction of Dmitry Donskoy began to be rebuilt under Ivan III. It was then that the walls were built of red baked brick.

Pre-revolutionary Moscow

Telling interesting facts about Moscow for schoolchildren, it is important to mention the pre-revolutionary period when the city was very different from the modern metropolis.

• Until the XVIII century. Clean ponds had a perfect other name - Pogany. This was due to the fact that garbage and waste were dumped here. After the pond became part of the Menshikov estate, it was cleaned and given a new name, which has survived until now.
• During the Napoleonic wars in 1812, Moscow was burned. Most of the city's buildings were affected. It took them more than 30 years to restore and reconstruct them.

• The water pipeline in Moscow was built only in the first years of the XIX century.
• In 1872 the metropolitan telegraph began its work.
• In 1898 a sewerage system appeared.
• In 1901 in Moscow, earned the first elevator.
• The founder of Moscow State University is MV Lomonosov, who never visited him.

Interesting facts about Moscow during the Second World War

• In 1941 the Kremlin, like many other sights of the capital, was disguised. Already on the day of the declaration of war, a Wehrmacht plane appeared over the city. The Germans managed to take a lot of pictures and draw up an accurate map of the capital of the USSR. This led to an urgent need to change the Kremlin beyond recognition. Entire teams of artists and architects, headed by B. Iofan, were sent here. As a result, at the end of June the Kremlin was like an ordinary residential quarter. The golden domes were hidden, the towers repainted, and models of houses appeared on the square and descents.
  
  
• An important event in the Second World War was the battle for Moscow. Interesting facts about the course of military operations need to be known not only to adults, but also to schoolchildren. In this battle, more than 7 million people participated. This exceeds the number of people involved in the Berlin operation. It is also important to know that the blitzkrieg (the German plan for a rapid offensive and the capture of the entire territory of the USSR) was foiled precisely in the course of the battle for Moscow.

Interesting facts about Soviet Moscow

Considering the Soviet period, you can learn very interesting facts about Moscow:

• During the existence of the USSR, the territory of the city has increased more than 5 times.
• Moscow was proclaimed the capital of the Soviet Union in 1922.
• The famous soda from the machine in the capital cost only 1 kopeck, and if with the addition of syrup - 3. Despite the fact that there was an acute shortage in the country, the glasses were never stolen, but rinsed in a fountain and returned to their seats.
• Moscow metro began to build in the 30's, although the first projects arose before the October Revolution. It should be noted that to date almost every station has been renamed repeatedly. At the initial stage of the subway's existence, there were stops with interesting names: Kolkhoznaya (now Sukharevskaya), Mir (now Alekseevskaya).
• New issues of newspapers were published twice a day, and they were immediately delivered to mailboxes. Also information about all the events could be gleaned from special street stands.
  

Interesting about the present

What interesting facts about Moscow can you tell children today?

• The modern business district "Moscow City" appeared only in the early 2000s.
• The Kremlin is the largest European fortress, preserved until our times.
• The Victory Monument is the highest monument in the capital.
• In 1994, a law was enacted that still prohibits dogs from barking from 11 pm to 7 am. If the owners did not keep track of their pet, they are fined.
• Moscow has the largest number of billionaires in the world. In second place in these indicators is New York.
• The tallest television tower in Europe is Ostankino, located in the Russian capital.

Interesting facts about nature and art in Moscow

Parents, telling interesting facts about Moscow for children, should not miss information about natural resources and the development of culture in the city:

• The largest zoo in Russia is located in the capital. It was founded in the XIX century.
• In Moscow, you can find a huge number of parks. The oldest is the Alexander Garden.
• The Russian State Library, located in Moscow, is second only to the Washington National Library of Congress in its collection of books.
• The oldest clock in the city is the chimes of the Kremlin.
• In Moscow, about half a thousand museums. But, unfortunately, they often open their doors to the guests of the capital, and not for the local residents.
• The most ancient city building, preserved to this day, is the Assumption Cathedral.

A little about interesting people

Children will be interested to know about the famous people who were born or lived in Moscow:

• Alexandrov A. V. - the famous composer. Was born in Moscow. Known as the author of the anthem of the USSR.
• Akhmatova AA - the famous Russian poet. She lived in Moscow since 1918. With this city, she was closely connected, as in one of the capital's prisons was her son.
• Bruce Ya. V. - the most educated man in the country during the time of Peter I. He was the first to compile an accurate map of the territory of the Russian Empire.
• Repin IE - the famous Russian painter. He moved to the capital at the age of 23.

These and many other people (among them - Paustovsky KG, Ranevskaya FG, Nekrasov NA, Pasternak BL, Mayakovsky VV, Mendeleev DI, Bulgakov MA ) Created the history of the modern capital of Russia.