Russia is the biggest country in the world. Its expanses can be called boundless, as they stretched out more than 17 million square meters. Km, and this is almost 12% of the entire surface of the Earth.
Russia is an industrially developed state with rich deposits of gas, oil and other minerals. This has helped it to take a leading position among other countries, which are almost 100% dependent on the fuel produced. The industrial cities of Russia (the list will be given below) form the basis of the economic development of the state. There are about 300 such centers. They are located in the Far East, the Urals, in the northern part of the Caucasus. Some of the cities are in the center of Russia.
Classification
So, what is the feature of industrial centers and what are their most-most? Industrial cities in Russia can be divided into several groups, focusing on certain characteristics:
- The first group unites the centers, which were built in the times of the Soviet Union. After the restructuring, the plants and factories were privatized and transferred to new standards. Of course, modernization required a lot of time and money, but now these plants meet European standards. There are about 150 cities in this group, these are Surgut, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, and others.
- The second group includes a part of the centers, which are so-called industrial consumers. It is headed by the Moscow region.
- The third group is the industrial centers of Russia. The cities have an advantageous geographical position, however, for certain reasons, modernization has not yet taken place. In order to fully restore their potential, a lot of money is needed. Meanwhile, these cities are developing at the expense of other spheres, such as large ports, transport hubs, and tourism.
- The fourth group is innovative. The industry in these cities operates using the latest technology. They can be called the basis of the state, which allows it to fully develop.
- The fifth group includes the two most important cities in Russia. Moscow and St. Petersburg have a great influence on the entire industrial sector of the country.
Let us consider in more detail the industrial cities of Russia. The list of the largest of them is presented below.
First place - Moscow
The capital of the Russian Federation has an annual turnover of 1900 billion rubles. Here, the most developed are such industries as engineering, gas and oil refining. Pharmaceutical and food industries are also growing rapidly. On the territory of Moscow there are large factories and factories, there are many garages, warehouses and various bases, engineering and scientific centers. It should be noted that the capital is the largest transport hub, which fully affects the development of the railway, automotive and aviation industries.
St. Petersburg - the second position in the list
Its annual turnover is about 1300 billion rubles. The main contribution is made by the following branches: ferrous metallurgy, food, machine building, shipbuilding, etc. St. Petersburg rightfully takes the leading position in the list of "Large industrial cities of Russia". World corporations such as Nissan, Intel, Toyota are successfully operating here. All of them produce products that meet European standards. The chemical industry deserves special attention. Achievements in this sphere brought Russia to the world level.
Third place - Surgut
Located in the north of the country, Surgut is one of the largest industrial centers in Russia. Its turnover is more than 800 billion rubles. Thanks to the extraction of gas and oil and its subsequent processing, the economic well-being of the city is growing rapidly. In comparison with similar centers, Surgut is an impeccable leader. Virtually all enterprises are listed on the balance sheet of OJSC Surgutneftegaz. Also, the electric power industry is quite well developed here.
Nizhnevartovsk in the top five
The city is located in the Urals. The wealth of the region is mainly due to the largest oil field. Also here, gas is extracted and processed, which is then exported to many European countries. In the north there are industrial cities in Russia, thanks to which the welfare of the whole country is improving. For example, Nizhnevartovsk contributes almost 500 billion rubles to the general treasury, which allows it to occupy the fourth place in the rating. The oil and gas complex is headed by Rosneft, which includes such large enterprises as NNP, Samotlorneftegaz, etc. RussNeft is also worth mentioning, which was created thanks to the financial support of the large Swiss concern Glencore.
Fifth place - Omsk
Millionth city of Omsk is an administrative center. First of all, this is the largest transport hub. Its turnover reaches 400 billion rubles. Here the food and light industry, aerospace and chemical, as well as oil refining are well developed. The main giant enterprises are owned by Gazprom. Even during the Great Patriotic War, the largest factories and plants were evacuated here, the main specializations of which are engineering and petrochemical industry.
Sixth place - Perm
The diversified industry of Perm occupies an important place in the economic development of the country. The annual income is 350 billion rubles. In general, heavy industry is developed here : woodworking, machine building, gas and oil refining. A significant contribution is made by such branches as chemical, electric power, as well as food and printing. The average salary for the Perm region in 2013 was almost 25 thousand rubles. Thanks to this, Perm was included in the list of "Large industrial cities of Russia", having quite high rates.
The capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan is Ufa
The seventh position in the ranking of industrial cities in Russia is Ufa. On its territory there is a large concentration of various industries. The most important industries are wood and metalworking, oil refining, and machine building. Also, thermal power stations play an important role in economic development . Here the construction of the nuclear power plant was started, but after the Chernobyl accident all works were suspended. At present, according to the federal program, the construction of the nuclear power plant is still planned.
Eighth place - Norilsk
The northernmost city of Norilsk is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The population in it is about 150 thousand people. The living conditions here are quite complicated mainly due to climatic conditions. The most developed mining and metallurgical industry and the non-ferrous metals industry. Being on the eighth place in the rating "Large industrial cities of Russia", Norilsk has a turnover of 300 billion rubles. The main part of the income is produced by gold, palladium, platinum and other precious metals.
Ninth place - Chelyabinsk
The only city in Russia with a new self-government scheme. Chelyabinsk is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains. This is a fairly large center with a turnover of 300 billion rubles. Almost 50% of all products are ferrous metallurgy. Also worth noting and such industries as instrument making, metal processing, mechanical engineering. Not bad here is developed and light industry. The industrial cities of Russia, in particular Chelyabinsk, are famous for high-quality alloys. It is here that the most part of ore is processed, rails, pipes, and also tractors, cranes, loaders are made.
Completes the top ten leaders of Novokuznetsk
Settled Novokuznetsk in Western Siberia. The volume of industrial income is 260 billion rubles. It has a well-developed coal mining industry, which is one of the largest in the country. Also, metallurgy and metalworking play an important role in the economy. Here there are quite powerful enterprises engaged in energy. More than 50 factories and factories operate on the territory of the city, which allows it to occupy the tenth place in the top 10 "The largest industrial cities of Russia". Unfortunately, since 2013 there have been mass reductions in some sectors.