Income tax: whatever one may say, it .. can be bypassed

Did you try to write down your income and expenses on a daily basis? Try it! The lesson is very informative and no less fascinating. And perhaps you have been involved in family accounting for a long time and consider every penny scrupulously. But even in this case, it is unlikely that you bring the value of accepted gifts to the revenue side of the list, and certainly you do not calculate the benefit from saving on the interest borrowed from acquaintances before the salary of money.

But an accountant sometimes has to do it. Of course, only with respect to the revenues that employees of the company received. After all, it is not excluded that with these incomes it is necessary to transfer to the budget the personal income tax (in short - personal income tax).

So, what is this - income? Most often - the salary. But it does not stop there. In fact, everything can be recognized as income, due to which the personal budget is replenished. And this means that literally everything is subject to personal income tax.

For example, the taxable income can be property that the employer has transferred to the salary account. And still received from the employer gifts - fortunately, not all, but only those that in the total amount for the year is not more than 4000 rubles. It's about income in kind.

There is also a non-material type of income, mentioned above. This is when a person saved something. For example, he took an interest-free loan at work. Unpaid interest is also taxable income. Only he did not enter into any values, but in the form of so-called material benefits. And this is not a complete list.

But there are cases, that exact calculation of the received income is impossible. For example, the company held a corporate for its employees. With food, drinks, artists ... It seems that every employee received income. But how much? Unclear. And do not count. In such cases, personal income tax is not deducted.

And yet, there are also such incomes that are exempt from personal income tax in general. But this is a separate, no less fascinating story, with which you can get acquainted in Article 217 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. And we'll talk about how to legally save on personal income tax.

One such way is the right to tax deductions. What does it give? First, the opportunity to demand that the calculation of the tax is not taken with the whole salary, but with a smaller amount. Then they will withhold less. And secondly, the chance to return some of the personal income tax, which has already gone into the budget.

In total, there are four types of deductions: standard, property, social and professional.

With standard deductions, income can be reduced by a fixed amount monthly. There are two types of such deductions: for beneficiaries - 500 or 3000 rubles, and for those who have children - 1400 or 3000 rubles. But here are their limitations: you can apply the child's deduction, while the parent's income since the beginning of the year did not exceed 280,000 rubles.

Property deduction relies on the purchase or construction of housing, as well as for the acquisition of land for the construction of housing or with it. The deduction limit is 2 million rubles, and taking into account interest on targeted loans - 3 million rubles.

And there is a property deduction for those who, on the contrary, sold their property. Restrictions, again, on the type of property, the number of years of ownership of property and the maximum amount of deduction (in the amount of income from sales, but not more than 250,000 or 1 million rubles - depending on the property sold).

You get education, are treated, take care of your future pension, do you do charity work? Hence, you have the right to social deductions. Annual spending on such deductions should fit in at 120,000 rubles. And if your children are studying for a fee, the deduction limit is 50,000 rubles. For one child (for both parents, guardians or custodians).

And finally, professional deductions. Entrepreneurs can reduce their incomes on them: either in the amount of confirmed expenses, or at a fixed amount - 20% of the income received.

Select the size of the deduction, in the amount of confirmed costs or by the standard, are also entitled to authors and performers of works of literature, science, art. But citizens who work under civil law contracts (contracting or rendering services) can not choose. They have the right to reduce their incomes only for the amount of expenses incurred, and provided that there are documents.