Immunoglobulin with a tick bite: use, contraindications

Every year thousands of tick bites are recorded in our country. As you know, these insects carry a lot of infectious diseases. Prophylactic means in this case is immunoglobulin, with the tick bite it is put in all medical institutions of the country.

General information about ticks

There are more than 40,000 species of ticks, most of which feed on rotted plants, mushrooms and small insects. But there are also those who prefer blood.

These insects bite mainly in warm weather. They do not like damp. It is difficult to notice the attack of a tick, because during the bite, it injects an anesthetic. Prefer insects are places that are hidden under clothing and such where the skin is thinner. Most often people find them on their elbows, on the scalp, on their arms and legs, and also in the groin.

What is the danger of a tick bite?

These insects are dangerous because they are carriers of many different diseases, the most terrible of which are encephalitis and Lyme disease. Of course, not all mites suffer diseases, but it is possible to determine this in each specific case only in the laboratory.

The most dangerous species are the European forest and taiga mites. They are big enough, they feed on blood, their victims are often people.

The first individuals appear in April. They are most active between May and early July, then the population disappears, but not all. Occasionally, cases of attack by mites and in the beginning of autumn are recorded.

The mites can scent the victim from a distance of 10 meters. Usually insects attack from grass or bushes not exceeding 50 centimeters. They prefer wet places, not very shady and with dense grass. "Lovers" for them are the edges of forests, overgrown grass paths, ravines.

Ticks do not attack from above. If an insect was found on the head, then it crawled there from below in search of the most suitable place for sucking.

Prevention of bites

The best protection against tick-borne encephalitis infection is the vaccine made on time. Its validity period is 3 years. But there is no vaccination from Lyme disease, only precautions can help.

To avoid contact with bloodsucking insects, you can use repellents. They are applied to clothing and exposed skin. Before applying, be sure to read the instructions. It is enough to process shoes, trousers and sleeves. For the best protection, you need to tuck your trousers into your socks or boots.

With a tick bite

If you can not avoid contact, and the tick bites you, it should be carefully removed. Be sure to make sure that all the insects are pulled out, and that his head is not left in the wound. The mites are placed in a glass jar and are delivered to the laboratory for examination in the next 24 hours. Analyzes will tell whether he was a carrier of encephalitis or Lyme disease.

Even if the mite itself was a carrier of the disease, this does not mean that the victim has already contracted. Nevertheless, you should definitely go to the hospital if the bite site becomes swollen and reddens. If within a month after the bite there is a significant deterioration in well-being, you should also consult a doctor.

One should also remember that mites suffer not only encephalitis or Lyme disease. They can also transmit many other diseases, less dangerous, but still unpleasant and needing treatment.

Emergency help

Within 3 days (or better - the first 24 hours) from the moment of removal of the tick, it is necessary to examine it in the laboratory, and also to apply to a medical institution for the prevention of the development of serious diseases. It is carried out without fail, even if bitten earlier was vaccinated.

And what immunoglobulin put at a tick bite? There are a lot of them. In medical institutions, doctors prefer antiancephalitis, since this disease is the most dangerous.

Immunoglobulin does not help if a person has contracted biliary lesions or other diseases. The drug is quite expensive, it's its minus. The cost of one ampoule is about 600 rubles. Packing of 10 ampoules is already quite expensive. It can also cause an allergic reaction.

A drug is produced from the serum of donor blood of people who have endured tick-borne encephalitis. Use the drug and as a preventive measure, and during the disease itself. Before using it, it is important to learn about the drug as much as possible.

Immunoglobulin antitussive

The preparation contains an immunologically active fraction of the protein, which is isolated from the donor plasma or serum. Donors are people who have endured tick-borne encephalitis. In their body, there are antibodies to this virus. They are the basis of the medicine. Protein is taken only from healthy people, additionally tested for the absence of hepatitis C and HIV.

The protein stabilizer is glycine (aminoacetic acid). Antibiotics and preservatives in the drug are absent.

Immunoglobulin with a tick bite is mainly used in the form of ampoules with a capacity of 1 milliliter each. It is a colorless liquid, which, however, can have a light yellowish hue. If a sediment is found on the bottom of the ampoule, shake it sufficiently and it disappears.

Immunoglobulins belong to class G drugs. Active antibodies contained in the preparation neutralize tick-borne encephalitis virus in the body. Also, the drug increases the resistance of the human body.

The highest concentration of antibodies in the body is achieved on the second day after the administration of the drug. Half-life takes 4-5 weeks.

Indications and contraindications

As a rule, immunoglobulin is prescribed as a prophylactic agent with a tick bite. The main purpose is therapy of encephalitis.

But is immunoglobulin so harmless? At a bite of a tick contraindications at a preparation are available. It can not be taken when a person has serious allergic reactions to a certain list of components of the drug. Atopic dermatitis, asthma or systemic diseases associated with immunopathological mechanisms are contraindications to the use of the drug.

When taking medication, adverse reactions occur rarely. Among them, the following are noted: fever, hyperemia, tenderness in the place where the immunoglobulin dose was administered at the tick bite, allergic reactions, extremely rarely anaphylactic shock.

Data on the effect of the drug on the woman's body during pregnancy and during lactation there, so doctors do not recommend taking it to avoid negative consequences.

Advantages and disadvantages

This medicine is ineffective after 4 days from the moment of bite. It can also be used as a prophylaxis, but the effect will last no more than a month.

Very good immunoglobulin helps with a tick bite, the maximum protective effect is achieved after a day. However, the vaccination is much better.

You can put the medicine only in a hospital, the procedure should be performed by a medical professional. There are several reasons for this: first, the drug should be stored in a dry and dark place at a temperature of 2 to 10 degrees, and secondly, it can cause various allergic reactions, up to anaphylactic shock. In the latter case, the presence of the doctor will save the patient's life.

Methods of drug application

The drug is available in ampoules. He is not put in a vein. Introduction of "Immunoglobulin" with a tick bite is necessarily made intramuscularly. Before this, it is recommended that the preparation be kept at room temperature for 2 hours. The medicine is filled into the syringe only with a needle with a wide opening, in order to avoid the appearance of foam.

You can not keep an open ampoule. Also, if there is a possibility that the medicine has been spoiled (the integrity of the package has been violated or the labeling is doubtful), it can not be used.

And whether it is necessary to put an immunoglobulin at a tick bite? If there are no contraindications, then it is better to do it. Such a disease, as tick-borne encephalitis, is very difficult to bear. It should be remembered that the medication will only help if it was administered within the first 3 days after the bite.

Immunoglobulin can be used in advance, if there is a high probability that in the near future a person will be bitten by a tick. The drug has its effect in 24-48 hours, and the general protection will last for a month. Then, if necessary, you can repeat the injection of immunoglobulin. When the tick is bitten, the injection is also repeated.

Doses of the drug

As a preventive measure, the drug is administered at a rate of 0.1 milliliter per kilogram of live weight.

If the symptoms of the disease have already manifested, immunoglobulin is also used as one of the medicines. Calculation of the dose is the same. The course of taking the drug in this case is 3-5 days. During this time, the patient should receive at least 21 milliliters of medication.

If a focal form of tick-borne encephalitis is observed, the course of taking the drug should be slightly prolonged until the patient stabilizes. In severe cases, an increase in the dose of the drug to 0.15 milliliters per kilogram of body weight is permitted.

Immunoglobulin when bitten by a tick is allowed to be taken together with other drugs. In this case, it is important not to confuse them. This means that the drugs need to be entered separately.

If a person has a desire to put an inoculation against tick-borne encephalitis, and recently he was pricked with an immunoglobulin, he will have to wait a month.

Also it is possible to put an immunoglobulin at a tick bite to children. Dosage in this case is also calculated based on the weight of the child. In special cases, only a doctor can prescribe a prescription in which the dose of the medicine for the child will be indicated.

special instructions

The introduction of the entire dose of the drug can simultaneously cause a skin reaction. This can be avoided if the injections are carried out in several parts of the body.

After the injection, the doctor must observe the patient for at least another half an hour, so that in case of anaphylactic shock, human life is saved. So in the arsenal of a doctor there must be anti-shock drugs.

Motorists can not be afraid of putting an injection of immunoglobulin. Its action does not reduce the concentration of attention, so that they can safely drive their car.

Finally

Ticks are very dangerous insects, because they are carriers of a variety of viral diseases. The most terrible of them is tick-borne encephalitis. There is a medicine that is recommended to use after contact with an insect. Does immunoglobulin help with tick bite? Yes, but only when introduced on time. He has many side effects. However, at the moment it is one of the best preventive measures against tick-borne encephalitis.