Human teeth

Human teeth are hard formations located in the alveoli of the jaws. They are integral parts of the apparatus, the functions of which include chewing, speech. Human teeth have a high ability for differentiation. They are much smaller in size than the representatives of the genus of monkeys.

There are four groups of teeth: molars, premolars, incisors, fangs. In dentistry, such formations are divided into lateral and anterior. A person under the age of seven has temporary teeth, which then change to permanent teeth. These figures are subject to variations, which are determined by the peculiarities of nutrition and the environment. By the age of 32, the last teeth of this type appear. Thus, find out how much a person's teeth can be at this age. This number is 32. The last teeth are often reduced, sometimes they do not cut at all. To determine the amount of bone formation data, there is a special formula. It is called dental. In an adult, it looks like this: three molars, two premolars, one canine, two incisors from each half of both jaws.

Anatomy of human teeth

There are three parts of this education: crown, neck, root. Inside each tooth is a cavity, which is divided into the root canal and the cavity of the crown. Through the aperture of the apex, nerves and vessels emerge that ensure the normal functioning of this organ. They are in the pulp, which is represented by a loose connective tissue. The wall, which directly belongs to the masticatory surface, is called the arch of the tooth.

In dentistry it is customary to distinguish four surfaces of these formations: vestibular, lingual, chewing (in premolars and molars - the plane of closure), contact. The norm of position is established by direct examination. Crown and root are divided into three parts: occlusal, middle, cervical third.

Human teeth have a complex composition. They are formed by dentin, which is represented by a bone-like tissue consisting of odontoblasts. The latter includes mineral salts (calcium fluoride, magnesium phosphate, calcium phosphate) and organic fibers (collagen).

The crown of the tooth is covered with a particularly strong substance - enamel, which is constructed from prisms, which have a thickness of 3-5 microns. It consists of mineral salts similar to those in dentine.

The neck and root are covered with cement - a substance that resembles bone tissue. It consists 30% of the organic matter (collagen), the rest of the mass is occupied by mineral salts (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate).

All the formations of the oral cavity are united under the general term: the dentoalveolar system. It has a complex hierarchy and includes periodontal disease, muscles, joints, salivary glands, teeth. This system provides chewing functions and participates in the formation of speech.

Teeth-antagonists are the contiguous formations of the upper, lower jaw. Bony organs located on the left and right side are designated as antimers.

The spatial relationship of jaws and dentition with all movements is called articulation. A particular kind of this term is occlusion, which is determined by the confluence of these formations during chewing. It is the determining factor in the formation of the occlusion.

By this term we mean the ratio of the upper, lower dentition when the jaws are closed. The following types of bite are distinguished: the alveolar arches are located on one level, one of them is located in front of the other. Physiological is the position in which the upper row of teeth is somewhat displaced forward in relation to the lower one. However, with various pathological conditions in the oral cavity, injuries, the bite may change. The teeth of a person in this case can change their shape and composition.