Human race

Human races and nationalities are explored by various scientific disciplines. So, ethnoses are studied by social science - ethnology. Human races are also investigated by physical anthropology, biological science.

Settlement of people on the planet began in ancient times. Groups, mastering the territory, naturally coexisted with each other, which also naturally suggested closer, including marital, relations.

Miscegenation (physical mixing) of different groups, which began in antiquity, continues today. However, significant changes in the so-called ethnoras picture of the world was made by the Great Migration of the 4th-7th centuries.

As a result of confusion, human races today are practically not found in pure form. This fact applies both to the largest peoples (for example, the southern Chinese are externally distinguishable from the northern), and to relatively small nationalities - for example, the Khakas, Mansi, Altaians, Khanty and other peoples of Siberia, the Urals and the Volga region, formed as a result of the interaction of Mongoloid and Caucasoid groups.

The southern and southeastern Asian peoples differ in varying degrees by an intense mixture of Australoid, Mongoloid and Europoid elements.

In South India, human races are represented less diverse than in other territories. There are a lot of subethnic groups side by side, which are minimally mixed with each other. At the same time, it should be said that there are no perfect barriers between groups, therefore, there is a miscegenation.

After the discovery of America and its subsequent development, two fairly large groups were formed: mulattoes and mestizo. Metis, as a rule, is the descendants of Indians and "white", and mulattoes - "whites" and Africans.

The Australo-Negroid or equatorial race is distinguished by curly hair, dark skin. Its characteristic features include a broad nose, a large mouth, thick lips. This large group includes the following types of races:

1. Australian - differs wavy hair, dark skin, abundant amount of hair on the body and face. Representatives of this subgroup have an increase above average or high.
2. The Veddoid race is characterized by a lower growth and a small amount of hair. These people have a smaller head and not such a wide nose.
3. Representatives of the Melanesian race, including Negrito types, are distinguished by a highly developed hairline on the body. Its representatives are also characterized by curly hair, protruding quite strongly with superciliary arches.
4. Negroid race, in contrast to the Veddoid and Australian, is distinguished by increased curly hair. For these people are characterized by thick lips, relatively higher eye orbits, low nose, high growth.
5. The Negro race differs from the Negroid with less thick lips, low growth. The representatives of this subgroup have a more abundant tertiary hairline, and the nose is sharper.
6. Bushmen differ not only in low growth, but also with a lighter shade of skin. Their nose is narrow, their face is relatively flat and small in size.

It should be noted that in some peoples the mixing of races took place only in antiquity and in the Middle Ages. In other nationalities, the mission is more intense today.

Races are, first of all, a reflection of the average characteristics of a particular population. In this case, one person can definitely be attributed even to the largest group, not always. Even among the mulattoes there are different types, in whose faces the most contradictory features are sometimes combined. Small local races, meanwhile, as a rule, are determined on the basis of statistical averages.