How to divide a word into syllables? Open and closed syllables. Translation by Syllables

The syllable is the minimal pronunciation unit in the Russian language. It can consist of one or more sounds.

Pupils of schools and students of philological directions often face assignments from the category: "Divide words into syllables". It would seem that it is very easy to cope with such a task. However, often people have a question: "How correctly to divide words into syllables?".

In the article you will find the answer to this question. You will get acquainted with the basic rules and learn how to teach a child to divide words into syllables.

Difficulties of the syllabic section

Usually, there are no problems with splitting simple words into syllables. Any of us can cope with the slogose of the noun "water". But how to divide a word into syllables, if it is complex in its composition?

Take for example the participle "considered". How to properly draw a slogan: "ra-smo-tre-nny", "ra-ssmo-tren-ny", "ra-ssmo-trehny"? The correct answer is the third option, but why? In order to understand, we will get acquainted with the basic rules of dividing words into syllables.

Basic rules of the syllabic section

The first thing to remember is that the number of syllables in a word is equal to the sum of the vowels that are included in its composition. The boundaries of the syllabic segment often do not coincide with the porphyring division, therefore, when analyzing, it is necessary to rely on the following rules:

• The syllabic sounds in Russian are vowels;
• The syllable can not include more than one vowel;
• The syllable can consist of one vowel sound (o-water) or a combination of vowels and consonants. Consisting of two or more sounds, the syllable always begins with a consonant;
• All syllables in the Russian language tend to be open.

Open and closed syllables

In order to determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly, it is necessary to be able to distinguish them by type. All syllables in modern Russian language are divided into two types: open and closed.

The open syllable always ends with a vowel sound (pro-in-yes, go-lo-va, ne-le-na). He can meet at the beginning, middle or end of a word.

The closed syllable ends in a consonant sound. Most often he appears at the end of the word (onions, smog, go-lod). Also, the closed syllable can be formed if in the middle of the word there is a sonoric consonant (silk-ki, wolves, tanks).

If in the middle of the word there is a group of several consonants, they usually go back to the beginning of the syllable, leaving the previous one open (di-who-background, na-zva-no-e, re-da-kti-ro-wa-ni-e).

Features of the syllabic section

Slogorazdel in the Russian language is subject not only to the law of open syllable, but also to the law of ascending sonority. The bottom line is that the syllables in the word are arranged incrementally: from less sonorous to more. Several rules follow from this. They will tell you how to divide words correctly into syllables:

1. If there is a consonant in the word that stands between two vowels, it goes to the next syllable (to-pot, poole-met, v-water, i-ko-na, ka-li-na);
2. The combination of several noisy (all consonants, except sonar) are referred to the following syllable (e-house, ruca, moy-tva, ka-li-taka);
3. A group of noisy and sonorous consonant sounds is assigned to the second in turn syllable (va-zhny, co-pro-ti-vle-no-e, o-smy-sled-ni-e);
4. Several sonorous consonants, standing in one word between the vowels, are referred to the next syllable (a-lmaz, a-rmi-ya, in-mnyu);
5. In the combinations of sonorous and noisy between the vowels, the first sound goes to the syllable in front of it (nel-za, polka, nor-ka, mer-tsa-ni-e, thief-si-nka);
6. Repeated consonants go back to the syllable that follows them (in-a-kind, Ro-si-i, co-lo-nna, a-lle-i);
7. If there is a "d" in the word, standing in front of the sonorous or noisy, it is reckoned to the previous syllable (my-va, ley-ka, ka-na-rai-ka, te-lo-grey-ka).

Remember these rules are not difficult, but they will help you easily determine how to divide the word into syllables correctly.

The algorithm for carrying out the syllabic section

We have dismantled a theory that will help us to divide words by syllables. Now let's move on to the practical part. Successfully determine how many syllables in a word a simple plan will help us:

1. Write out the word given in the task on a separate sheet.
2. Determine how many vowel sounds are included in its composition.
3. Draw an initial syllable after each vowel sound.
4. See if there are difficult places in the word: groups of consonants, sonorous or doubled sounds.
5. If so, change the syllable boundary according to the rules.

It should be remembered that the transfer of syllables and syllabics are not equal to each other. The word is translated based on the morphemic composition of the word. We can not separate the letter from the prefix or suffix.

The division of the word into syllables allows you to split whole morphemes into parts in accordance with the rules of the slogose. For example, consider the verb "raise". For transfer it will be divided as follows: "sub-no-mother". The division by syllables will be different: "on-days-mother."

Teach children to read by syllables

Now many mothers are trying to teach how to read their child as early as possible. One of the most effective ways in this matter is reading by syllables. The kid can not explain how to divide the word into syllables with the help of complex rules. Therefore, the game techniques are used.

Begin to deal with the child can be from one year. Exercises aimed at developing reading skills, contribute to memory improvement, the development of abstract thinking. They teach the child to think logically, to compare. In addition, classes can be turned into a fun game.

How to teach a child how to divide words into syllables?

First, learn the alphabet with the child. This will help books with bright pictures, cubes. Planks, on which it is possible to fix colored letters.

Then explain that there are vowels and consonants. Vowels are pronounced long and sonorous. Consonants - short and deaf. Tell the child that the longest stretch of the stressed syllable.

Say a few simple words aloud and ask the child to determine which sound is stressed. Choose nouns with which the baby is familiar. For the training words "soap", "water", "hand", "foot", "face", "body" are suitable.

Explain that the number of vowels corresponds to the number of syllables. If the child already knows how to count, try to find out with him how many vowels in these words: "carrots", "onions", "plate", "cabbage", "toy", "TV."

After acquainting the child with the basics, go to the game exercises.

Make cards on which syllables will be written for each consonant letter of the alphabet. In order to systematize the methodology, arrange combinations of consonants and vowels in the same order on each card. For example: "ma, mea, we, mi, mo, me, mo, mu".

Give the child a card, let him look at the syllables until you read them out loud, and repeats. This exercise will help develop visual memory. Over time, the child will be able to recognize the syllables and pronounce them without your help.

Make the tablets on which the combinations of letters will be written. Ask the child to compose a word and read it. First, offer him cards with syllables "ma", "na". Let the baby make up the words familiar to him: "Mom" and "Dad".

Learn how to read the syllables of the child will help the game cubes, which are drawn combinations of vowels and consonant sounds. Sets of magnetic letters.

Try to come up with different games for the baby to stir up interest. For example, ask him to send one letter to visit the other and see what happened.

We pass from simple to complex

When the child learns the basics, begin to complicate the tasks. In this case, continue to conduct classes in a game form.

Offer the child a few words that differ only by one letter. Let him determine the difference between them. For example, the words: "soap" and "cute", "house" and "smoke."

Choose a dozen words consisting of two syllables. Each syllable will require one card. Stir the leaves and ask the child to make up words from them. Suitable nouns "frame", "mom", "dad", "summer house", "hand", "foot", "face", "soap", "body", "meat".

Teach your child to do a syllable transfer. To do this, write a couple of two-syllable words on the sheet. Let the child draw a line after each vowel, and then say aloud, making small pauses in place of the slogose.

Take two sheets with the same text. Let it be a fairy tale or a small nursery rhyme. Ask the child to follow the words while you are reading. After a while, pause and ask the child where you left off.

Read with the kid a small fairy tale about the roles.

For classes of any kind, choose funny children's texts that are of interest to the child. It can be poems, fairy tales, small articles about animals. Ask to retell the reading. This will help develop the memory and speech of the baby.

Some tips for those who want to teach the child to read

Before you begin, make sure that your child is ready to learn. He has a speech, he can make small stories. There are no pronunciation defects.

Start with a simple, gradually go to the complex. On each new lesson, repeat the material of the previous one.

Stick to the gaming technique. It will help you to instill a love of reading and a desire to learn.

Classes for learning syllables begin with simple combinations. Use words that are familiar to the child. Gradually complicate the workouts.

Do not expect rapid results from the child. Learn to read it will be gradual. First, let him master monosyllabic and two-syllable words. Pick up tasks with them until the kid starts to cope on "excellent".

When the easy words are finished, try to train reading whole sentences by syllables. Gradually increase the amount of reading.

The simple tips given in this article will help to easily and effectively teach your child to read by syllables. In this case, the kid will spend time with pleasure, performing game tasks.

In addition to reading skills, memory, attentiveness, logical and abstract thinking will develop, the horizon of the child will expand.