How to cut trees in the garden. Pruning fruit trees in summer and winter

Beginners are often interested in how trees are cut and why. This is necessary for their normal development and growth. With proper care, garden crops develop well, more fruit, thereby delivering joy to the owner.

Young trees are subjected to this procedure in order to form the crown. If the case is left to chance, many saplings may have problems - there will be an ankle, a significant weakening, and possibly the death of the central conductor, an extra height and, as a consequence, the instability of the tree, the sagging of the branches.

Types of trimming

Depending on the goal, several types of pruning are distinguished. The very first is post-planting, which is necessary in order to restore the balance between the root system damaged in the course of the transplant and a healthy aerial part. This helps the tree to settle down in a new place.

Sanitary pruning of trees (fruit) involves the removal of damaged and diseased branches. In this case, usually remove a little wood, so that the disease does not go further. It must be remembered that all circumcised branches must be burned.

Shortening pruning is necessary to prevent excessive growth of branches. Thanks to it the tree becomes more bushy. This procedure is usually performed on young plants. In the course of maintenance pruning, branches that grow downwards, to the sides or which have become too long, are removed. As a result, the crown becomes more ventilated, and the tree is better "breathing".

Do I need to delete branches?

Properly conducted pruning of garden trees accelerates the appearance of fruits. However, an excessive interest in this activity can delay fruiting for a long time. How are trees trimmed correctly? Let's try to understand this question. After all, it is very important to approach the matter competently, to study all the subtleties of this procedure, so as not to harm your garden with inept actions.

How to cut trees

Sometimes you can see quite neglected walnut, maple, birch or mulberry in a summer residence. And after all care of them is simple enough - it is necessary only once a year to cut out dry and interfering shoots. Weeping willows require a special approach - after flowering they cut off horizontally. Coniferous cultures like this "operation" are very difficult to tolerate, therefore, such intervention must be minimized. Annual increments are best removed annually. So it's easier to grow a strong, well-formed crown. Shoots should be shortened moderately.

Usually young trees do not need a strong pruning. It is recommended to resort to such measures only in case of emergency. For example, when you want to loosen some branches that stand out against the background of others with their own strength. Do not shorten the intermediate processes, the length of which is less than 25 cm (if they are not competitors of skeletal branches). Quite often horticulturists manage to correct the wrong structure of the crown by tying up grown sprigs. After that, they occupy the right position. But pruning in this case can significantly delay fruiting.

Caring for trees in winter

There are situations when you need to urgently remove broken branches. Sanitary pruning of trees in winter is most often caused by the sticking of wet snow and ice. Not withstanding a lot of weight, branches break off, sometimes not completely, forming crevices and tears on the bark and wood. How to help the plant?

First of all, gently release the branches from the accumulated snow. After that, you can cut out the damaged areas, and then necessarily treat the cutting sites with a garden bar. While cleaning the damaged branch, leave a protective link length of 20-30 cm. Such a measure will protect wood and bark from frost.

Summer processing of trees

In summer, the procedure we are considering is resorted to much more rarely. This is easy to explain. In the warm season, the leaves accumulate glucose and other useful substances. Pruning trees in the summer deprives them of the necessary vitamins. However, in rare cases, this activity is possible. For example, when the branches grow inside the tree, and also if they are located outside the tier, that is, not in its place.

Summer pruning is a very serious procedure. It should be produced by a person who is well versed in all the processes that occur in the plant. Otherwise, you can remove healthy branches and thereby cause irreparable damage to the tree.

Care of the garden in the spring

It is impossible to name the exact date of the beginning of the work. It is advisable to have time before the beginning of the sap flow, but too it is too slow. Be engaged in a garden when frosts precisely are not expected. First of all, it is necessary to remove damaged shoots and branches, then those that began to grow inside the crown. They obscure it, contribute to the development of diseases and insufficient ripening of fruits. Do not leave stumps.

Autumn work in the garden

During this period pruning is necessary to prepare the tree for winter. However, it is important for beginning gardeners to know that fruit trees have their own characteristics. That which is useful to one can harm another. Therefore, we will give you some advice on different cultures.

Pruning fruit trees: apple

This event solves two main tasks that always face gardeners. First, the crown is formed, which greatly facilitates harvesting. And secondly, it is thinned, thereby increasing the flow of air to all the young branches. There is a special technology for cutting a tree. The apple tree is cut from large branches. This allows you to immediately assess the illumination of the crown. This method will save you from unnecessary deletions. By the way, any fruit tree is much easier to bear one or two large wounds, than 7-10 small.

Then you can proceed to thin out the thickened area. It is necessary to make sure that there are no stumps left. This will save the garden in the future in perfect condition.

Yablon can be cut at any time of the year, but at a certain time. In winter - from late November to early March, at a temperature of about -5 degrees. At this time, it is better to process winter-resistant varieties. Autumn pruning of apple trees should be conducted annually, after the foliage completely falls. In the spring, this is done before the appearance of foliage.

Processing cherries

This garden culture is very common in the areas of our compatriots. Cherry is tasty and useful. To ensure that it fructifies well, the proper treatment of the tree is necessary. Cherry needs such care. Thanks to pruning, it is properly formed, berries acquire a rich color, become larger and tastier. The tree is rejuvenated after each procedure and does not age long, looks always healthy and well-groomed.

Note: the cherry does not need to cut off the ends of the branches. Unlike other varieties of fruit, the kidneys are located exactly there. Slicers are not handled in any way - this will only damage the plant, and it will last longer. The procedure can be carried out after the end of strong winter frosts.

Most often this is done in the early spring, before the active circulation of juices in the trunk. As a rule, this is the end of April for the middle zone of Russia.

In summer, only a well-developed tree can be rejuvenated. Young plants are not only not useful, but also harmful. In autumn, remove old, dry, diseased branches. This way you can help the tree get rid of excess weight and prepare it for winter.

Trimming a tree: a pear

Many people plant this tree on their plot. Sweet, juicy and fragrant fruits like adults and children. However, beginning gardeners often forget that it also needs regular pruning. This procedure stimulates the active growth of shoots. Perform this work should be in early spring, about fifteen days before the beginning of vegetation. Do not take risks, do not cut off branches during other periods. Young one-year-old trees are shortened by one-fifth of the length of the branches. Stronger pruning will damage the young pear and can significantly reduce its yield.

Adult trees (over five years old) need thinning, as they begin to branch too actively. Often, some processes take up the wrong position (grow inside the crown). In addition, you need to get rid of dry and diseased branches. Do not forget to process the cuts with the garden bar.

Care of bushes

Trimming a crimson tree (so sometimes gardeners call a bush) is usually held twice a year - in spring and autumn. Stronger young shoots, coming from the roots, give a plentiful harvest the next year.

In the second year, the ovary appears on the branches growing from below. The tip is usually barren. In spring these twigs are cut off. In the first year of the shoots choose the four most powerful, and the rest is removed, cutting off at the very bottom. It makes no sense to leave a lot of shoots: berries, perhaps, will be more, but they will be small and not so tasty. In addition, a large number of sprouts can lead to the multiplication of pests.

In summer, raspberries are also pruned, removing young growths at the base. Next year, only six main stems are left.

Trimming by the lunar calendar

For a long time man has known that the Moon is one of the most important factors actively influencing the life and development of plants. The best period for pruning plants is a few days before the new moon. Auspicious Moon is favorable . It is strictly forbidden to cut trees on a full moon.

Money Tree

Despite the fact that today we mainly talk about fruit crops, in conclusion I would like to talk about how to process a money tree. Pruning is of interest to many florists. This is a very popular houseplant, completely unpretentious. It easily perishes, quickly gives shoots. Even a beginner can take care of him.

Despite the fact that the plant is not whimsical, in a certain care it still needs. He needs pruning and pinching - first of all in order to give a beautiful round shape. Thanks to this, the growth of new shoots intensifies.

Young sapling is not cut off - it is pinched. This slows the growth of branches in height. If the plant has several strong lateral processes, and you want to create a rounded crown, they will also need to pinch.

Adult tree requires a full-fledged pruning. Do it better with a pruner or a sharp knife. Well examine your plant and imagine how it should look, determine which branches are absolutely superfluous. Start trimming from the very top, gradually turning to the side. This way you can give the plant a ball shape. Cut the branch two centimeters above the dormant kidney.

Pruning fruit trees is one of the most important procedures that ensure a good grower for a gardener. On how correctly it will be produced, how the crown will be formed, depends on how much the plant will receive the sunlight necessary for all living things.

Today we talked about cutting trees. We hope that you have learned something new and useful for yourself.