How is trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow? Purpose of the procedure

Trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow is one of the techniques for obtaining a sample of red bone marrow for determining possible blood diseases.

A few introductory words about the procedure

During this procedure, it is possible to obtain a small amount of red bone marrow for histological examination. Such a liquid is capable of giving an extensive information about the possibilities of the spinal cord to produce blood cells.

This procedure is very similar to a puncture, but its advantage lies in the possibility of obtaining more extensive and accurate information. Trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow allows you to take not only blood cells, but also stroma.

What is bone marrow

Red bone marrow is a fairly soft tissue in which blood cells are formed. Here you can include leukocytes, platelets and red blood cells. This type of brain is in the cavity of the bones themselves.

The main component of the bone marrow is the stroma, which is a kind of stem cells. They can both be at rest and participate in the formation of new structures.

Note that in young children, bone marrow is found in almost all bones and only with age moves to the largest tubular and flat bones. As a result of aging, this organ is filled with a yellow substance that does not participate in the formation of new blood cells.

The main indications for the procedure

Trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow - the procedure is not the most frequent, but still quite popular. It is carried out in such cases:

• A general blood test showed significant changes;
• The patient has seen a severe form of anemia, which is not amenable to the usual methods of treatment;

• In the blood, too much hemoglobin and erythrocytes are seen;
• Increased or, conversely, a low content of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in the blood.

How to diagnose diseases associated with impaired blood functions

This procedure, like bone marrow biopsy, can be prescribed if the patient has such symptoms:

• Excessive sweating, constant elevated body temperature, global decrease or weight gain, frequent infections, infectious diseases, a significant increase in lymph nodes;
• Before the chemotherapy, and after the completion of this procedure;
• A sharp increase or decrease in some substances in the human body;
• The patient has diseases - histiocytosis;
• Formation of tumors in the bone marrow.

Advantages of the procedure

This technique is very informative, as it can read a lot of information. Before it there is no need to carry out certain training, since it is quite simple to perform and has practically no restrictions for carrying out.

Contraindications

Such a procedure as bone marrow biopsy, which you can read about in this article, is considered absolutely safe, so it does not have strict contraindications to the implementation. However, there are some non-strict restrictions, in the presence of which the procedure still should be abandoned:

• Old age; In this case, trepanobiopsy will not show ideal results, and the patient is expected to suffer long moral torments;
• It should be taken into account that the procedure itself will not have any effect on the treatment, and the quality of life will not improve;
• It is not necessary to do the procedure if there is inflammation in place for the injection;
• With special care should be taken to the presence of diseases such as diabetes and severe heart failure;
• There is no possibility to lie on the stomach. For example, with obesity or various diseases of the spine. However, in this case, the injection can be done and sitting, but only a very experienced doctor can do this;
• The patient may refuse to conduct the procedure for personal reasons.

Preparation for the procedure

The histological study "bone marrow biopsy" still requires a little preparation for the procedure. To do this, first you need to give a general blood test and check its coagulability.

Each patient should inform the doctor about allergies to certain medications, as well as talk about the presence of known diseases. This will help to transfer the procedure of anesthesia more easily.

Tell us about the presence of osteoporosis, as well as about previous surgical interventions.

In the morning before the procedure, doctors are advised to eat a small and light breakfast.

How bone marrow biopsy is conducted

The procedure takes no more than half an hour. If the injection is done to a man, then if there is a large amount of hair on the area being punctured, the skin is shaved. After that, the patient is given painkillers and sedatives. If the patient wishes, the injection can be done under general anesthesia.

The ideal position for the procedure - lying on your stomach or on your side. But it is possible to do this while sitting. Everything depends on the patient himself and on the experience of the doctor.

Now we need to find the optimal puncture site, disinfect the skin and introduce an anesthetic drug. After a few minutes, the sensitivity of the skin is checked. If everything goes well, then with a special needle, very soft rotational movements penetrate into the ileum cavity.

During this procedure, a small amount of bone marrow is taken (about one to two milliliters). After that, the needle is removed, and the punctured site is disinfected.

Trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow (why do, you can read in this article) can be carried out not only in the dispensary, but also during hospitalization. An hour later the patient will be ready to go home. However, doctors strongly do not recommend yourself to drive. It is best to go to the hospital with a relative or friend.

Please note that after this operation, you can not take a bath and wet a punctured place for at least three days. Usually the results of the procedure can be found in a few hours. But in case the material is examined elsewhere, this period can last up to a month.

Reviews of patients and doctors about the procedure

That shows trepanobiopsy of the bone marrow, you can read in this article. According to patients' reviews, this procedure, despite pain medications, is painful enough, but always shows accurate results. Be sure to take into account that there is a risk of infection, so unconditionally follow all the recommendations of the doctor. Especially it concerns children. The procedure is quite safe, but extra safety measures have not harmed anyone yet.