How has the interaction of human society with nature changed? Connection between man and nature

As is known, the human body can not function separately from nature. Man is part of the biosphere, its component, its microorganism. The development of human society in the historical context must be considered in the system of its interaction with nature. At the same time, the successes of scientific and technological progress in this case have by no means always been used by man for good. How the interaction of human society with nature has changed, can be traced in the framework of the main stages of socio-historical development.

Primitive stage of development

This is the period of the greatest dependence of man on nature. Actually, at this stage of development, the individual did not separate himself from her. In addition, all natural objects and phenomena were endowed with their soul (animism), and some even became the object of religious worship, acquiring divine qualities in the eyes of man. Thanks to the animation of nature, a person was conditionally able to communicate with animals and plants at a special level of non-material character. However, only shamans were given this opportunity, but it was believed that in some cases an ordinary person can also speak with spirits.

Anthropologizing nature was a kind of man's attempt to understand it. Forming an idea of the surrounding world in his own image and likeness, the man simultaneously demonstrated a deep respect and awe. Nevertheless, with the development of primitive tools of labor, as well as with the "taming" of fire, a person begins to interfere more actively in the natural system. Also, speaking about how the interaction of human society with nature has changed, it should be noted a significant role in this process of hunting. Successful hunting made a person less dependent on the environment, adding to it self-confidence and self-reliance.

Go to the producing stage

Not only the development of tools, but also the material, spiritual, and also cognitive prerequisites for the development of society contributed to the transition from the appropriating type of economy to the producer. Thus, the individual is isolated from the biological world. At the same time, the impact of human society on nature is increasing, and the volume of natural resources consumed is increasing . Man is no longer limited to hunting and gathering, he is learning a new type of activity - farming. From VI Vernadsky's point of view, the emergence of agriculture was a turning point in the history of the development of human society. Also, the opening of this type of economy, that which connects man with nature, is usually called the "Neolithic revolution", since these events coincided with the beginning of the Neolithic period.

The connection of man with nature in modern times

By this period, the attitude of human society to nature is undergoing significant changes. The divine essence is replaced by a utilitarian nature. Nature becomes an object of practical development and a source of scientific knowledge. Among the ideologists of the new attitude to the surrounding plant and animal world is F. Bacon. One of the first he advocates for the development of nature by experience.

Modern (anthropogenic) stage of development

So, we saw how the interaction of human society with nature changed in a historical context. What can we say about our time? Undoubtedly, modern technologies have reached an unprecedented level of development, which greatly expanded the possibilities for the exploitation of natural resources. The connection between man and nature in the anthropogenic stage is characterized by the following features:

- there is an increase in human pressure on nature in extensive (expansion of the impact area) and intensive (expansion of spheres of influence) plan;

- purposeful actions of the person on change of flora and fauna;

- violation of the ecological balance: in connection with the increase in the burden on nature on the part of human society, the ecosystem does not have time to recover in the required volume;

- an increase in the threat of collateral negative effects of the impact of human society on nature.

The problem of the restoration of natural resources

A particular problem is the situation with exhaustible natural resources. These include the flora and fauna, as well as fertile soils - renewable resources; Minerals - non-renewable resources. In the first case, the rate of resource consumption is roughly comparable to the rate at which they are recovered, in the second case, recovery is impossible. And although the processes of formation of rocks, as well as ore formation occur continuously, their speed lags far behind the rate of extraction of fossil data.

However, even with inexhaustible resources (air, solar energy, wind energy, sea waves, etc.) at the present stage of human-nature interaction, there are also complications. Considering the question of how the interaction of human society with nature changed, it should be noted that the influence of the anthropogenic factor on the ecology reached such dimensions that the atmosphere and the hydrosphere began to change in their physical state and chemical composition. These changes significantly reduce the value of air and water resources. To solve this problem, serious costs are required for recovery processes.

Thus, the Michurin idea "We can not wait for favors from nature, take them from her - our task", taken as a basis, is costly for contemporary society. The interaction of man with nature does not just come to a standstill, but threatens a global ecological catastrophe.