History of Pakistan In 1962 G.

In July 1962, the martial law was abolished and a new constitution developed by the military government was put into effect. She endowed the president, who became M. Ayub Khan, with enormous powers in the sphere of both the executive and legislative branches. The Constitution provided for an indirect system of elections of legislative bodies and heads of state. The activity of political parties that legally existed until October 1958 was allowed (the CPR continued to be banned). The ruling party was again the Muslim League, which was headed by President M. Ayub Khan. Although the constitution proclaimed a federal form of government, it introduced significant elements of unitarism, which prejudiced the interests of primarily East Pakistan. The damage to him, which had a larger population than West Pakistan, also caused equal representation of both provinces in the central unicameral parliament. As for the state apparatus, especially its higher links, the Bengalis continued to make up only a small part of it. Behind the central government - the government and especially the president - there were wide prerogatives, and the opportunities of provincial authorities remained very short. Finally, the non-Bengali large capital of Pakistan maintained a strong position in the economy of the eastern province and the ability to influence the state's economic and social policies in East Pakistan. All this caused growing dissatisfaction with the various layers of the Bengali population. After a lull in the first half of the 1960s, national movements again revived in West Pakistan, where it became increasingly popular to replace the single province of West Pakistan with provinces created on a linguistic (ie, national) basis.

Along with the exacerbation of the national question in Pakistan, social contradictions grew, due to the intensive development of capitalism while preserving various pre-capitalist survivals. The official recognition of the emergence and rapid growth of the Pakistani monopolies and the monopoly leaders of the Pakistani bourgeoisie was especially resonant. Among other things, it meant the collapse of widespread illusions about a special "Islamic way of development" of Pakistan, different from both socialism and capitalism, which were supported by official propaganda.

The growth of social contradictions was facilitated by the deterioration of the economic situation in Pakistan in the second half of the 1960s due to changes in the conjuncture of the world capitalist market and heavy consequences for the country's military conflict with India in the autumn of 1965. After him, the government of M. Ayub Khan reduced the cost of Economic development and social needs. As a result, after 1965 the labor movement in the country intensified. Student performances became noticeably more active.

History of Pakistan In 1962 G.