'Golden Age' of Russian culture

In history, almost always the cultural flowering preceded the global changes in this or that state. Our country has not become an exception. "Golden Age" of Russian culture culminated in popular unrest and the Bolsheviks' coming to power. At that time, the idea of overthrowing the old system was being formed.

The history of Russian culture in the 19th century is characterized by the rise of the national education, the flowering of various kinds of art, and the greatest scientific achievements.

The social structure of the country, according to scientists, had a significant impact on development. At that time, Russia was considered a state of estates. Class principles were present not only in the state structure, but also in the legislation, the position of each citizen. The nobility, being the first estate, was endowed with privileges, which were fixed in the "Chartered Charter". The "golden age" of Russian culture is inconceivable without the nobility of the intelligentsia. It was she who enthusiastically picked up the proclaimed ideas of the French Revolution about freedom, brotherhood and equality. Of great importance at that time was the growth of industry, the formation of new capitalist enterprises.

It should be noted that at that time there were no official channels for expressing public opinion to government officials. Representative institutions, an independent court, a responsible government were not formed. This pushed the people to express themselves through cultural mechanisms.

The "golden age" of Russian culture is, first of all, the development of literature. This kind of art has become a way of expressing public opinion. The main figure of that time was Alexander Pushkin. A circle of talented poets arose around him (Baratynsky, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Tyutchev). With their works they created a bright atmosphere of pure culture. The literature of that time spread the notion of moral independence, taught to overcome class and class restrictions.

In the conditions of growing cities, the education of the people became the most important necessity for continuing the progressive development of the state. Enlightening ideas about the education of "useful citizens" and "new people" were embodied later in the writings of Bestuzhev and other figures of that time.

The "golden age" of Russian culture has become an important stage in the development of realism, primarily in literature, as well as in other forms of art. All the types and directions of Russian art of the time bear the trace of the deepest seriousness, sincerity, and problems of that era.

At the same time, it should be noted that the high development of the intelligentsia, the excellent command of the language, the great attention to all the riches of the people's life, opposed the other part of the "debacled" country. "Golden Age" of Russian culture, briefly, was distinguished by the desire to overcome the abyss through educational work. In this era there were literary geniuses (Chekhov, Lermontov, Dostoevsky and others).

However, of course, new ideas were embodied not only in literature. Actively manifested Russian realism in the visual arts. Russian realist artists tried to express the truth of the life of society as creatively as possible. Artists in some way went for literary figures, embodying the ideas of popular novels of that time in paintings. Thus, an art encyclopedia of the problems of Russian reality was created. Philosophers tried to explain their era such masters as Vasnetsov, Ivanov. Nesterov. Their appeal to the subjects of the Bible became a kind of reflection of the moral and religious quest of the great Russian classics of Tolstoy, Gogol, Dostoevsky. Musical artists, great composers Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, based on folk art, created magnificent examples of music - symphonies, operas, ballets that brought Russia worldwide fame.

The masterpieces created by the geniuses of the 19th century rightfully made this century the Golden Age of Russian culture.