Geology of the site. Objectives and methods

Research of the soil is mandatory before the construction of any house. The geology of the site is a procedure that allows to determine whether it is possible to erect a building in this particular place at all and what type of foundation should be chosen. On how much all the necessary research will be carried out qualitatively, such an important indicator as the durability of the future building depends.

The need for geological surveys

Conduct the geology of the site should be before the drafting of the house. Otherwise, on the foundation and walls, later, cracks may occur. Living in such a building will not just be uncomfortable, but also unsafe. Most often, the conduct of geological surveys on the site involved professionals. The work is quite complicated technically and requires the availability of special equipment.

Soil Science

The first step is to inspect the site and the surrounding areas. Further the program of the further researches is made. The next step is to select samples. For this, wells are drilled, the number of which depends on the area of the site and the size of the future building. In addition, the geology of the site involves performing such works as pressiometry, stamp testing, sounding, etc.

Then the samples are delivered to the laboratory, where the research itself is carried out. Specialists determine such characteristics of the soil as weight, porosity, humidity, granulometric composition, degree of deformation, plasticity, etc. The next step is to compare and analyze all the results obtained. Graphs, tables, and also summary reports of the carried out researches are made.

If, as a result of the research, it turns out that the soil on the site is weak, additional measures will be taken to ensure the reliability of the support under the building. For example, use a pile foundation. In addition, in the course of geological surveys, the possibility of a landslide during the construction of a house on a complex relief is checked.

Ground water level

A very important stage of such an event, as the geology of the site for construction, is to determine the level of groundwater. The importance of this item is also difficult to overestimate. If, say, an underground river flows underground, the house can not be built on it. The fact is that the water will simply wash away the foundation. In addition, it is fraught with flooding of cellars and basement floors.

Calculation of possible shrinkage of a building

The geology of the site includes such an activity as the calculation of shrinkage at home. In this case, the examination is conducted to find out how deep the building is being built into the ground in the future.

Is it possible to conduct research on its own

It is not recommended to perform such work independently. After all, in this case, any mistake can be fraught with serious costs in the future. However, sometimes such studies are conducted by the owners of plots. In this case, you can save some money. How to properly carry out the geology of the site with their own hands?

How to take samples of soil yourself?

How exactly research should be carried out depends primarily on the size of the building. The main danger to the foundation is the spring ground float and its unevenness. With the onset of cold weather, the water that is soaked in it expands. As a result, the ground presses against the walls of the foundation, squeezing it out. The load can be up to 20 tons per meter. As a result of such pressure, the foundation may crack. Precisely the same situation arises in the shrinkage process. If the soil is uneven, in one place the building will settle more strongly, in another it will be smaller.

Geology of the land is carried out by drilling wells with a garden drill. In the event that the construction of a single-storey building is planned, it will be sufficient to make pits below the freezing depth of the soil. This indicator depends on the region in which the site is located. When constructing a two-story house, it will be necessary to drill wells with a depth of 3.5-4 meters. In the same case, if the project provides a ground floor, independent research is likely to fail. The fact is that the required depth of wells in this case can reach up to 9 meters.

Wells, among other things, must be drilled enough. Usually make holes in all corners of the future building from the inside. Soil samples are taken from every 30 cm of the hole penetration. When the pit is drilled below the depth, this figure can be increased to 50 cm.

How do you independently carry out soil research?

The geology of the site, as already mentioned, is an incredibly responsible process. Therefore, it is still necessary to assign the samples to the laboratory.

Independent research should be done only if there is no such possibility. This procedure includes the following steps:

1. The sample is crushed, laid out on a sheet of paper and dried.
2. Next, it is sprinkled with water and poured into a glass jar at ¼ of its height.
3. The bank is filled with ¾ water (including ground).
4. In the mixture is added a dishwashing detergent (1h / l).
5. Next, the can should be closed with a lid and shaken. Thus, the soil will be divided into mineral constituents.
6. The particles will gradually settle in accordance with the dimensions. After a lapse of 1 minute, the level of settled sand is noted on the glass. After 2 hours - sludge. After the water is clear (3-7 days) - clay.
7. At the final stage, the thickness of each layer is measured and the percentage of each sediment type is calculated.

The geology of the site is a responsible process. Of course, you can do this work with your own hands. However, before you risk, it is worthwhile to think carefully. Only the help of a specialist can become a guarantee of the safety of the future task.