Generator VAZ-2107: connection diagram and device. Wiring diagram of the generator system

Features of the VAZ-2107 generator, the scheme of connection to the power supply and charging system is what a motorist should know. If the voltage generation stops, the machine will not be able to work for a long time on one battery. Carburetor engines with contactless ignition with an average level of charge can last no more than one day trip with the lights off. Injectors will operate without the generator for several hours, since the pump motor and the ECU consume a large current.

Generators construction

The charging circuit of the VAZ-2107 generator is practically the same as the one used on all other cars.

A proven and reliable design for years, which contains a minimum of elements. And this means that there is nothing to break. The generator drive is carried out from the engine crankshaft using a flexible belt. The main parts of the electric machine:

1. The stator is a fixed part, on it there is a winding. Made of thick copper wire.
2. The rotor is the movable part of the generator, the excitation winding is on it.
3. Covers made of aluminum. They are intended for centering the rotor and installing additional equipment.
4. The relay-regulator. Allows to correct the voltage at the output of the generator.
5. Belt. It is necessary to transfer the rotation from the crankshaft to the rotor of the generator.
6. Block of semiconductor diodes and capacitor. Straightens a constant voltage, as a result, there is a disposal of the variable component of the current.
7. Pulley and impeller. Allow to cool the case.

This design is not only the VAZ-2107 generator. The scheme of its connection is not much different from that used on more modern cars of foreign production. Structurally, various models differ in the large size of the windings, in the dimensions of the generator, in the presence of water cooling.

Rotor of the generator

The scheme of the VAZ-2107 generator (injector) differs little from that used on obsolete carburetor engines. One difference is that the design is more modern and capable of delivering more current. The rotor includes an excitation winding, which creates around itself a constant magnetic field. And this is one of the conditions for the generator set operation. The second condition is movement. In other words, if a voltage is applied to the excitation winding, but the rotor does not rotate, current generation will not occur. As soon as the rotor starts to move, an alternating voltage will immediately appear on the stator winding.

The stator of the generator

The stator is a fixed part of the generator set, which is fixed to the engine block by means of brackets. The winding is on the core of transformer steel. When the device is operating, an electromotive force appears in the winding. One small nuance - three stator windings on the stator, therefore, three-phase voltage is produced. With this circuit, it is possible to reduce the ripple current during operation. But it also requires several stages of transformation, a more complex rectifier circuit.

Voltage regulator

The carburetor scheme of the VAZ-2107 generator with the old-style motors consisted of a remote-type voltage regulator.

Separately in the podkapotnom space was a box with the device. The regulators can be of the following types:

1. Adjustable - the ability to switch to the "winter" and "summer". In the first, the stabilization voltage is slightly higher than in the second. Refers to the class of electrical non-contact devices.
2. Unregulated - consist of a circuit on a semiconductor crystal or several elements. It is also a non-contact electrical appliance.
3. The mechanical view consists of electromagnetic relays and resistance. It has not been used for a long time, since the degree of reliability is extremely low.

With the help of the voltage regulator, a constant supply of the field winding is established. After all, there is one peculiarity of generating sets: if the magnetic field of the rotor is changed, the voltage at the output of the device will proportionally change. The frequency and current will remain the same. On modern modifications of cars, relay-regulators combined with a brush holder are used. The cost of such a device is much lower.

Diode block and capacitor

The diode block in the charging circuit of the battery from the VAZ-2107 generator consists of six semiconductors mounted on a horseshoe plate. It is mounted on the back cover and allows you to cool the diodes with its help. Semiconductors convert an alternating voltage three-phase into a constant unipolar one. In some designs, two additional semiconductors are used, designed to protect against overvoltage. But on VAZ-2107 cars such circuits are not used, as they complicate the design.

Using a capacitor in the back of the device, you get rid of the variable component at the output of the generator. The problem is that after straightening, there will still be a slight ripple of alternating current. And the capacitor according to the substitution scheme works as a conductor when AC current flows and as a break at a constant. In other words, according to Kirchhoff's theorem, the entire variable component will simply be closed and will not pass further.

Working together the generator and battery

The battery and VAZ-2107 generator are connected in a very simple way. From the power output of the generator there is one thick wire to the positive terminal of the battery. The minus is the engine casing and the car body. Voltage to the regulator comes through a unit with a lamp and a diode mounted in the instrument panel. When the supply of the field winding stops, a lamp with a red battery icon lights up in the device.

When the motor is stopped, the entire power supply is powered by the battery. When starting the engine, the generator is turned on. And the current level is enough to satisfy the need both in charging the battery, and in powering all consumers. With the help of the regulator it is possible to maintain the voltage at the same level, regardless of the rotor speed. If it were not for the relay-regulator, the voltage would vary in the range of 12-30 volts.