Gas-3102 "Volga": technical characteristics, scheme and photo

GAZ-3102 "Volga" - a Soviet-made passenger car, produced in the period from 1982 to 2008 at the Gorky Automobile Plant. It is the successor of GAZ-24, but the new model did not go into industrial production, the output was limited to small series. A year from the assembly line came down about three thousand copies, all of which were intended for Soviet middle managers.

History of the car

The release of GAZ-3102 fell on the period of the collapse of the USSR, political changes had the most adverse effect on production, the Gorky Automobile Plant was feverish, leadership was replaced, massive layoffs began, workers were not paid for months. Prospective projects for the creation of new models of the Volga brand were closed one after another. GAZ-3102 by inertia was produced for another three years, until in 1992 the conveyor did not stop. But soon the Russian government considered it necessary to resume the production of the car. Gorky Automobile Plant received financial support, and the production of GAZ-3102 "Volga" continued. By that time, the need for a nomenclature automobile had significantly decreased, as many Russian officials had moved to foreign cars. The production of GAZ-3102 was finally discontinued in 2008. Factory capacities were used for the production of a minibus "Gazelle".

Characteristics

Specifications of GAZ-3102:

• The body is a five-seat, four-door sedan.
• The technological platform, chassis - GAZ-24.
• The wheel formula is 4/2.
• Layout - rear-wheel drive, front-engine.
• The engine is ZMZ 4022.10, Chrysler EDZ, Rover 20T4 / V8, Toyota 3RZ-FE / 5VZ.
• Transmission - 4-speed manual transmission, 5-speed manual transmission.
• Dimensions - length 4960 mm, height 1476 mm, width 1820 mm.
• The wheelbase is 2800 mm.
• Ground clearance - 156 mm.
• The curb weight is 1450 kg.
• The front track is 1510 mm.
• The rear track is 1423 mm.

The characteristics of the GAZ-3102 during the production of the model were considered quite progressive, but today the parameters of the car appear hopelessly outdated.

Exterior

Appearance of GAZ-3102 (photo Presented on the page) was determined by three criteria: conformity to the world-class design, preservation of all stamped elements of the GAZ-24 body (these are the side members, sidewalls, trunk lid, doors and roof). And thirdly, the machine had to meet the increased safety standards both passive and active.

The appearance of the car was characterized by a modern design that combines the American power of the body and the European brevity of the body elements. Lattice radiator in the style of "whalebone" has become an invariable affiliation of cars brand "Volga".

The stringent requirements for the safety of the GAZ-3102 have become an incentive for the creation of energy absorption zones. As part of the program to strengthen the design, the fuel tank was taken out from under the floor and placed above the rear axle, since this site suffers the least from impact loads during an accident. The new location of the fuel tank allowed to increase its volume to 70 liters. The contours of the body of the car after all the design changes have become more modern, and in the outlines of the car there are signs of aristocracy.

Interior

The interior of the GAZ-3102 was designed according to the latest fashion of the time, the designers tried to give the car salon an impression of luxury, and at the same time they had to restrain their ambitions in order not to cross the bounds of what is permissible. The style of the interior decoration of the personal machine of the Soviet official had to match the best foreign models and at the same time personify the Soviet car industry. In the 70s of the last century the fashion for finishing the car interior with natural wood came, but if the Western car makers could afford such luxury as rosewood panels, etc., it was too expensive for Soviet manufacturers. Therefore, natural wood was simply replaced with a self-adhesive film with a pattern under the tree.

The upholstery of the salon was close to the standards of luxury, the seats and door panels were covered with quality velours of red, green and beige shades. The seat backs had an orthopedic shape, so the driver and passengers did not get tired for long trips. The floor in the car was covered with natural carpets, this coating significantly increased the level of comfort in the cabin, and also served as a soundproof layer. The heating system was combined with ventilation diffusers, and since there were no automobile conditioners at that time, the internal space of the GAZ-3102 was provided with cool air due to efficient ventilation.

Power point

The engine, which was installed on the GAZ-3102 in 1982, was not quite the usual design and was equipped with the prechamber-flare ignition, which works in the mode of the LAS process (avalanche activation of combustion). The first pre-chamber motors appeared at the Gorky Automobile Plant in the fifties, during the search for new technologies that provided fuel economy. The method did not take root, they soon abandoned the torch ignition. The engines of ZMZ 4022.10 were later equipped with traditional spark plugs.

However, work to improve the power plant GAZ-3102 continued, as the heavy machine consumed relatively much fuel. The situation was resolved when in 1992 it became possible to import Japanese engines Toyota 3RZ-FE, quite powerful and economical. And in 2006, the American engine Chrysler EDZ began to arrive at the Gorky plant.

The GAZ-3102, whose engine in the domestic version left much to be desired, began to be equipped with imported engines. This practice lasted for several years, until the machine was removed from production. The technical characteristics of all the engines installed on the GAZ-3102 were approximately the same, the volume of the cylinders was 2.3-2.5 liters, and the power was 103-130 liters. from.

Transmission

Transmission for the GAZ-3102 was selected in stages, originally planned to install a planetary unit with hydromechanical drive. But the sluggishness of the planned system of the USSR once again played a role, and the new car received a gearbox from its predecessor, GAZ-24. The transmission required refinement, as the GAZ-3102 was in a different weight category, and its mass required different gear ratios of direct transmission. In the end, the car began to equip an upgraded gearbox, a four-speed manual, which was far from constructive perfection.

Chassis

The undercarriage of GAZ-3102 in the first stage of production was an example of automobile anachronism. The front suspension was assembled on the principle of swivel fists on pivots, such a scheme was used at that time in trucks. The reliability of this suspension was high, but its components required regular lubrication with various lubricants such as "Litol". To do this, grease guns were fitted at the grease points. The shock absorbers of the front suspension had good characteristics of reciprocating action and could withstand considerable loads.

The rear suspension of the GAZ 3102 was a simple and reliable design, the body was supported by semi-elliptic springs, and for stabilizing the rod a stabilizing rod was used. In the spring earrings, bushings from tank rubber were pressed. Thus, a silent interaction of the moving parts was ensured. Shock absorbers on the rear suspension were hydraulic with oil shock absorbers.

The brake system GAZ3102 was more modern, all components were manufactured under the license of the British company Girling. A two-circuit hydraulics message with brake cylinders acted in a complex but effective differential pressure system in the collector of the running engine. The brakes were equipped with a hydraulic vacuum booster, it was enough to press the brake pedal lightly, so that the entire braking system was switched on. The manual brake lever action was mounted on the rear wheels.

Electrical equipment

The GAZ-3102 car, whose electrical circuit was designed for the engine of the ZMZ 402, needed urgent modernization of the on-board electrical circuits due to constant design innovations, changes in the characteristics of lighting devices and modern safety requirements.

Scale Models

In the mid-80s of the last century, the fashion for miniature models of domestic cars produced by GAZ, AZLK, AvtoVAZ and UAZ plants began. The models at a scale of 1:43 were produced at the Radon plant in the city of Saratov. Model GAZ-3102 was issued under the number A38. Today this car is considered a rare rarity.