Frigate "Admiral Makarov". Frigate 11356

Since the middle of the 20th century, the role of relatively small ships has increased among ships of virtually all the world's largest fleets. In the United States, these ships are called escort destroyers.

The problems of ships

The main function of these ships is to guard relatively low-speed convoys from attack by submarines. Therefore, compared with a full-fledged destroyer, an escort destroyer has lower speed, less tonnage and armament. However, after the development of technology, using nuclear power plants, it was possible to dramatically increase the speed of submarines, as a result of which high-speed watchmen were needed. The development of anti-ship missiles required the strengthening of antiaircraft weapons. Therefore, as a result of the watchman, the price and displacement are distinguished from the destroyer.

History of designing frigates

In the 1960s, it was decided that large-scale large anti-submarine ships should be supplemented with new patrol ships in the fleet. Despite the smaller size of the BOD, the armed ships were not worse. Beginning in 1964, the development of the project 1135, a frigate, has a displacement of more than two thousand tons. The ships were planned to be equipped with the anti-submarine missile system Purga, the Osa-M missile system, a four-tube torpedo tube, two twin AK-726 artillery systems and RBU-6000 complexes. It was also planned to equip the vessel with a modern hydroacoustic system Titan-2.

True, the problems that were manifested during the testing of the Purga complex and the too short maximum range (at 6 km) were forced to abandon it in favor of the quadrupling anti-submarine anti-submarine system "Metel" with a range of 50 km. True, it turned out that the range is somewhat redundant, since the station "Titan-2" had a much smaller detection range.

In addition, the number of torpedo units and anti-aircraft systems was doubled. The vessels of the project were equipped with a towed hydro-acoustic system "Vega". The displacement of the vessels of Project 1135 also increased, reaching 3,200 tons. Launched ships successfully fulfilled their combat missions. Thanks to the use of gas turbine engines, they developed a decent speed (32 knots) and were able to operate at ranges up to 4000 miles.

The ships of the 1135 projects and their modifications to the 1135M project were liked by seamen. For 10 years 32 ships of projects 1135 and 1135М were produced.

The truth of the trial was a serious flaw - they did not have a helicopter hangar. With the development of technology in many fleets, the tasks of searching for and defeating submarines lay, apart from ship means, on aviation stationed on ships.

Projects 1155 and 11351

As a result, the introduction of the helicopter hangar resulted in the creation of the BPC project 1155, the construction of which involved two Baltic shipyards. At the Kerch Shipyard began to produce modernized watchdogs of Project 11351, which were planned to be handed over to border guards.

The presence of the helicopter made it possible to search for, prosecute the border violators. The stern was released to accommodate the hangar. In this regard, the shipbuilders moved one AK-100 to the bow of the vessel. As a result, the number of anti-aircraft missiles and artillery guns with a caliber of 100 mm was half that. To protect ships from air attacks at the stern, a pair of six-barrel AK-630s with a caliber of 32 millimeters were installed. A new hydroacoustics was also installed. In part of the ships built under the project 11351, the radar system "Angara" was replaced by the newest - "Fregat-M2".

All this allowed the ships of project 11351 to exceed the vessels of previous projects.

Indian order

In the 90 years the development of the fleet almost ceased. The plants tried to survive at the expense of export orders. A long history was the cooperation of Russia with the Indian Navy, constantly working with Soviet shipbuilders in the procurement of domestic ships and in the area of consultations for the designers of India. India, developing its own designs, was interested in the export version of the project 11351 patrolman - project 11356.

Even in the initial stage, the frigates of project 11356 differed significantly from the project 11351, which served as a prototype for the new development. RBU-6000 were replaced by URAN missile launchers for anti-ship protection. Further, the trends of the time and wishes of the Indian customer radically changed the appearance and filling of the frigate.

Differences from the prototype

Soviet border guards used the ships of project 11351 for sentry purposes and to combat poaching in the coastal waters of the USSR. Therefore, it almost did not have anti-ship weapons.

The Indian customer needed a universal ship that could resist any enemy. So the frigate was born pr. 11356. Almost all the weapons of the ship were replaced. The Osa-M missile system was replaced by Shtil-1. Appeared for anti-ship missiles Club. The artillery of medium caliber was updated - an artillery A-190E caliber of 100 mm appeared.

Of hydroacoustics, the Indians preferred the Humsa APSON system. All frigate equipment is controlled by the "Demand-ME" system.

The appearance also has significant differences. Frigate prospect 11356 has less visibility for radars. Deck buildings, based on the experience of past wars, are made of steel, not aluminum. Aluminum showed little resistance in fires.

Similarity with the prototype

But the ship's hull and the M-7NE power unit retained a high degree of similarity to the successful prototype. The increase in armament equipment and the growth of fuel reserves, which make it possible to reach a range of navigation of 4,500 miles, led to an increase in displacement by 20% to 4,035 tons. At the same time, the maximum speed developed by the frigate 11356 fell from 32 to 30 knots. This is an acceptable fee for increasing the opportunities.

Ordering

The first frigate 11356 was delivered in the spring of 2003, three months later the second was delivered, and in 2004 the third. India began operating ships.

Although the tests revealed minor compatibility problems for some weapon systems, Indian customers appreciated the potential of the frigate 11356.

The successful implementation of the first order was followed by a contract for three more frigates. The ships were built according to the modified project 11356M. Now the ships were equipped with ultrafast anti-ship missiles BrahMos, developed jointly by Russian and Indian specialists, instead of the Club system. The customer received the ships of the new project in 2012-2013. Repair of frigates 11356 in India is made by the Russian side.

Frigates 11356R

In 2010, three more ships were laid. Now they are ships with the index 11356R - for the needs of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. In 2012-2013, 3 more ships of this series were laid. The new frigate 11356 is similar in construction to the Indian, but it has differences in armaments. Ship equipment was manufactured in Russia.

Ships of the project:

• "Admiral Grigorovich" (beginning of 2010, is being tested);
• Frigate of project 11356 "Admiral Essen" (laid down in 2011, tested);
• "Admiral Makarov" (early 2012, launched in 2015);
• "Admiral Butakov" (early 2013);
• "Admiral Istomin" (early 2013);
• "Admiral Kornilov" (beginning of 2014).

The delivery of the last three vessels was planned for 2016.

Ships are being built at a fast pace. The fleet needs ships such as the frigate Project 11356. Airbase - a forum on which the characteristics of ships are detailed. There are going to specialists and not indifferent.

The fate of the last three ships is still unknown due to the fact that there are no diesel generators on frigate prospect 11356 . They were produced in Ukraine. If the frigate "Admiral Butakov" of project 11356 is already close to launching, the remaining ships are frozen. They are expected to be replaced by Russian analogues, which may delay the change for 1-2 years.

Vessels for projects 11356 and 22350, previously used for Ukrainian gas-turbine engines, will soon be equipped with Russian analogues. Their characteristics significantly exceed the parameters of Ukrainian power plants by several times.

The first three frigates of Project 11356 and the first two projects of 22350 are already using GTEs made in Ukraine. In the future, vessels of both projects are planned to be equipped with Russian-made engines.

Work on the creation of engines is already being conducted on the basis of existing GTE projects. The first Russian engines are scheduled for release by 2018.

"Admiral Makarov"

The frigate "Admiral Makarov" project 11356, which was ordered for the Black Sea basin, was launched in early September this year. He became the third of six ships in the series of the project 11356. Admiral Grigorovich is on trial trials. He has not been handed over yet. The mooring tests of the frigate Admiral Essen are being conducted.

The ship has effective means of anti-ship weapons and SAM systems to successfully repel air strikes.

Armaments

Anti-ship complex "Caliber-NK2." Art-system A-190, which allows to fire on naval and air targets, the air defense system "Shtil-1" with the radar of a circular survey.

The complex of combat with submarines consists of torpedo tubes with the caliber of 533 mm DTA-53-11356-2 modification and the RBU-6000 bombing facility.

As a sonar weapon, the Fregat-M2EM radar is used, which detects and accompanies submarines.

For work with helicopters the frigate is equipped with a hangar and a platform for take-off and landing. Such weapons are made by the frigate "Admiral Makarov" project 11356 formidable force.

Comparison with the project 22350

Project 22350 is being implemented along with project 11356. We will compare the frigates of Project 11356 and 22350. As the air defense system, instead of "Shtil-1", there are 3C14U1 shooting complexes and Polimen-Redut SAM complexes. For anti-ship protection instead of "Caliber-NK" complexes "Onyx" or "Caliber-NKE" are used. These weapons make it possible to effectively use the frigate project 11356 against American ships.

The anti-submarine equipment of the project 22350 frigates - launch complexes "Medvedka-2". The artillery armament of the ship has also undergone changes. The 100 mm artillery installation of the A-190 was replaced by a 130 mm A-192 that fired at 22 km. Moreover, the frigates of projects 11356 and 22350 have much in common - both projects are equipped with very modern weapons.