Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich: biography, activity

The real hero, scientist, courageous person Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, the biography, whose personal life continues to interest the public and today, years after his death, is an example of unprecedented purposefulness and will to live. The saturation of his life, the passion with which he devoted himself to every cause, were so intense that only a real hero could withstand such a rhythm.

Childhood and parents

August 8, 1927 in the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, which today is called Khmelnitsky, was born Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich. Svyatoslav's father was once a worker of the Putilov plant, then became a Red Army soldier, rose to the commander of the brigade and the rank of general. In 1930, the family moved to Kamenets-Podolsky in connection with the transfer of his father. Nikolay Fedorov went through the First World War and the Civil War. He was a professional military man, a man of speech and honor. But when the boy was 11 years old, his father was arrested and sentenced to 17 years for denunciation. A label was attached to Fedorov, an enemy of the people. Svyatoslav struggled to prove that he was no worse than others, perhaps, then it began to form a steel, fighting character. After the father's arrest, the family moves to relatives in Rostov-on-Don to avoid reprisals.

Study

At school, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fyodorov studied well, although chemistry was given to him with great difficulty. He also did not like writing essays, but he easily managed a foreign language and graduated with a silver medal. Like many boys of that time, he was fanatically in love with aviation and dreamed of becoming a pilot. When the war began, Fedorov wanted to volunteer, but of course, because of his youth, no one took him into the army. Then in 1943 he entered the Yerevan Preparatory School in order to quickly learn the skills of piloting. For two years he was studying hard, dreaming about the sky and how he would beat the enemy. But life was different.

Tragic twist

In 1945, Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose biography makes a sharp turn, falls into an accident. The young man was in a hurry for a festive evening at the school. In an attempt to catch up with the tram, he stumbled and was injured by his left leg. In the hospital, where he was brought, it was found that the heel was fragmented, and the doctor decided to amputate the foot and third of the shin. Fedorov had to forget about aviation. Several months he spent in the hospital and there he took several important decisions in his life. He saw the masses of mutilated men who surrendered and believed that their life was over. Svyatoslav, overcoming the pain, began to engage in swimming and even won in several competitions with full-fledged athletes. Then he realized that you need to work hard - and everything is possible. And for the rest of his life Fedorov worked on wear and tear. He argued to everyone that he was not disabled, and later many simply did not know about his injury. The second decision taken by a young man in these years is connected with the choice of a professional field.

Medicine

In 1947 Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fyodorov entered the Rostov Medical Institute. Having graduated from it in 1952, he goes to residency, and then to graduate school. Even in his student years, Svyatoslav chose his specialization, ophthalmology. He realized that the human eye is a complex optical device and needs fine tuning. After graduation, he begins to work as an ophthalmologist in the village of Veshenskaya, where once lived and worked famous writer Mikhail Sholokhov. Fedorov often said that the writer became a moral ideal for him for many years to come. In 1957 he defended his thesis. His first operation in front of Fedorov spent in his student years. He happened to operate a locksmith, who was gobbled into an eyeball with a piece of iron chisel. Manipulation was very difficult, but Svyatoslav coped and was able to save sight to the patient.

Career physician

Since the mid-fifties Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich works as a practicing physician. After the Don village, he moved to the Urals, where he is engaged in eye surgery. Working in Cheboksary, he made a unique operation for the USSR to replace the affected lens with an artificial one. Soviet medicine did not tolerate such a step, and Fedorov was fired from his job "for charlatanism." He moved to Arkhangelsk, where he became the head. Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Institute. Quite quickly around Fedorov formed a team of like-minded people, the glory of doctor-wizards spreading around the country and people were coming to Arkhangelsk, dreaming to restore sight.

In 1967, there was an official confirmation of the achievements of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich. He is transferred to Moscow, where he is the Third Honey. The institute was in charge of the Department of Eye Diseases and supervised a laboratory for the creation of an artificial lens. Here Fedorov begins to experiment with operations to install an artificial eye cornea. In 1974, the laboratory of Stanislav Nikolaevich stands out from the structure of the institute and becomes an independent scientific research institution in the field of eye surgery.

Scientific activity

Since the 50's Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich began to engage in science and did not leave his research until the end of his life. In 1962, together with V. Zakharov, he created the world's hardest crystalline lens, the so-called Fedorov-Zakharov lens. In 1967, he successfully defended a doctoral dissertation at the Kazan Medical Institute. In 1973, he was the first in the world to conduct operational therapy for glaucoma in the early stages. The method of sclerectomy opened to them has received worldwide recognition and is still used in all leading clinics of the world. In 1987, Fedorov became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1995 he was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Clinic

In 1979, the laboratory, which was administered by Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, was turned into a scientific research institute of eye microsurgery. And in 1986 the institute was transformed into the scientific and technical complex "Eye Microsurgery". Fedorov conducts complex operations, actively transmits his experience to young surgeons, conducts scientific research. The glory of his clinic reaches the world scale. In the country there are changes, the market economy begins to work. And in this period Fedorov showed himself in yet another incarnation. The clinic had legal and financial freedom, Stanislav Fedorovich himself could determine the cost of operations. "Microsurgery of the eye" starts to earn a lot, including in foreign currency. Fedorov established high salaries for doctors and staff, he creates comfortable conditions for patients. Within a few years he has opened several modern branches in the regions of the country where his best students work. Operations on the eyes are becoming commonplace, and Fedorov becomes a successful entrepreneur and a wealthy person. But along with it the clinic is getting richer. In a few years he has turned the complex into an entire empire. Eye microsurgery not only has a number of branches in the country and abroad, but also a huge Protasovo complex with hotels and residential buildings, a dairy plant, a potable water plant, two large enterprises for the manufacture of frames, lenses, and surgical instruments. The clinic even had a specially equipped ship "Peter the First", on which operations were conducted. Fedorov built a clinic for his own aviation business with a hangar, a helicopter, an airplane, a runway, a radio station and a gas station. The academician himself was in charge of everything, but there was not enough for everything, and in recent years many people began to appear in the clinic, who craved only profit. This undermined the team spirit, there was discontent, envy. For Fedorov, all this was a difficult problem.

Main Achievements

Academician Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov in his life made many discoveries, he owns the right to 180 patents for various inventions. His main achievement is more than 3 million successfully operated by his method of people around the world. He published several serious works, which even today allow the development of ophthalmology.

Awards

Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose biography is full of constant work, received many titles and awards for his life. In 1987 he was awarded the title Hero of Social Labor. Fedorov was a knight of the orders: Lenin, the Red Banner of Labor, the October Revolution, the "Sign of Honor", Friendship. The list of his medals is very long, among them: a gold medal "Hammer and Sickle", a medal to them. M. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was awarded the title "Honored Inventor of the USSR". In 2002, the international professional community awarded him the title "The Greatest Ophthalmologist of the 19-20 centuries". On his account, a lot of prizes, including the state award of the Russian Federation, the Paleologue Prize, Pericles, him. V. Filatov and M. Averbukh from the Academy of Medical Sciences.

Political activity

With the onset of perestroika, Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich (photo attached to the article) became actively interested in politics. In 1989, he was elected People's Deputy of the USSR and for 2 years participated in the lawmaking of a new, emerging country. He actively met with voters, conducted political agitation, was a member of the editorial board of the magazine Ogonyok. Fedorov created and headed a party of self-management of working people, which was based on left-liberal views. In 1995, Stanislav Nikolayevich was elected to the State Duma. In 1996, he even participated in the presidential elections in Russia, taking sixth place with 0.92% of the vote. Having worked in the Duma for one term, Fedorov did not begin to run for more, as he did not see the real impact of his activities, and he was a man of cause and effect. In the last years of his life, he focused on the development of the clinic.

Personal life

Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose personal life interests many, was married three times. From him emanated incredible charm and magnetism, and women fell in love instantly. If in his professional activity Fedorov was purposeful, assertive, extremely hardworking, then in private life he was very calm and compliant person. He never scolded, considering this an unworthy business, he liked to rely on someone else in ordinary affairs, easily joined the opinion of other people. Therefore, some considered him henpecked, but, most likely, it was just his position. At work he was a force and a leader, and at home - a companion and assistant. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose family was a quiet haven, refuge, respectful and reverent attitude towards women, so calmly gave them a leading role in everyday life. Although this was not a matter of principle - they could not be turned as a puppet, he always held to his convictions.

Wives and children

In the life of Academician Fedorov there were three wives. The first marriage happened at the beginning of the medical career of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich. Lilia, the first wife, was a chemist by training. They met on vacation in a youth company, the girl was struck by the courtship of Fedorov. And six months later, secretly from his parents married him, having come to him. The first six months of the couple lived in different cities, Lilia completed her studies at the institute. And then there were 13 years of a happy life. Stanislav's letters to his wife, in which are full of love and tenderness, have survived. The couple had a daughter, Irina. She was fascinated by her father's profession since childhood and already knew from the 9th grade that she would follow in his footsteps. Today she is a practicing surgeon, working at the Fedorov clinic. The second wife of Fedorov was Elena Leonovna. In this marriage, too, was born a girl, Olga. Today she is engaged in the activity of the memorial office in the clinic "Eye Microsurgery". This marriage also disintegrated. Irene burst into the life of Fedorov. One day she came to his office to arrange an operation for her relative, and was immediately struck by the surgeon's strength and energy. In this marriage, the children did not appear, but the two twin girls that Irene had from his first marriage, he brought up as his daughters. Both girls today work in the Fund for the popularization of methods of surgeon Fedorov. After the death of the head of the family, the newspapers wrote about conflicts among the heirs. Fedorov Svyatoslav, children for whom were a very important part of his life, up to the end of days supported with all daughters good, friendly relations, arranged them to his various posts. But with his previous wives, his relationship did not add up.

Hobbies and Lifestyle

In addition to work and family, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, whose wives and children were great, but not the only part of his life, had many hobbies. All his life he had been doing a lot of sports: he was swimming, he was a great rider. He did not smoke, almost did not drink, was not a fan of some food. In 62 years he was able to realize his youthful dream and sat at the helm of his own aircraft. On a helicopter, he flew to the regional offices for operations. His life, of course, was most full of work, but he managed to get pleasure from it too.

Death and memory

June 2, 2000 the world flew tragic news: died Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich. His death was the result of a plane crash, he was at the helm of a helicopter that crashed due to malfunctions. After the death of the academician, his family repeatedly said that the tragedy was not an accident. But the investigators and journalists did not find evidence. The memory of the surgeon was immortalized in the names of streets in such cities as Kaluga and Cheboksary. In Russia there are 6 monuments to Svyatoslav Fyodorov. Two ophthalmologic institutions in Moscow bear his name.