Red Book of the Kostroma Region: Animals and Plants

The Red Book is the main document, which contains materials on the current status of rare and endangered species of plant and animal life. Based on these data, scientific and practical measures are being developed to protect and reproduce scarce specimens.

Red books come in various levels (international, national and regional).

Red Books of the Russian Federation

Work on the Red Book of modern Russia was started in 1992, although the publication itself was published only in 2001. Since that time, the Regional Red Books began to appear, which relate only to a particular region or region. This includes the Red Book of the Kostroma Region. The animals and plants included in this annotated edition are of interest not only to the population of the Kostroma region, but also to the inhabitants of the entire Russian Federation.

This article will provide a short list of animals of the Red Book of the Kostroma region, as well as a list of plants and birds. A laconic description of each species separately will help you better imagine all the beauty and splendor of the domestic world of nature, which should be protected and protected.

Kostroma region

The Kostroma Region is located in the northeast of European Russia. It is located within the moraine-hilly, sometimes even swamped plain.

The region is famous for its water resources. On the territory of the Kostroma Territory there are about three thousand rivers, both large and small, the most important of which is the Volga. Most of the region's territory is covered with forests, mostly coniferous. Therefore, one can only imagine how rich and diverse is the plant and animal life of the region, the habitat of which is so diverse and diverse: these are turbulent river streams and shallow shallow streams; This is both dense forest plantations and wet grassy meadows.

What kind of flora and fauna protects the Red Book of the Kostroma Region? Photos and descriptions of them will be filed in this article.

Fauna. Vertebrates

Representatives of the animal kingdom of the Kostroma Region are those for whom forests and tundra are a comfortable habitat. According to official data, there are three hundred and sixty-six vertebrates studied in the region, eighty-six of which are considered rare or disappearing.

Animals of the Kostroma region, listed in the Red Book, are, first of all, birds and rodents. Although there are predators among them, such as the European mink.

European mink is a mammal from the family of cunies. She lives along the shores of fresh water reservoirs with flat banks, overgrown with herbs and alder, and feeds on fish, crayfish and frogs. Sometimes it can even feed on poultry.

A distinctive feature of this type is the swimming membrane between the toes. The body length of the mink varies from 28 to 43 cm, and weight - from 550 to 800 g.

The European mink is famous for its valuable fur, so the Red Book of the Kostroma region decided to take it under state protection. A similar resolution was adopted by other Red Books of Russia.

Fauna. Short list

The rare disappearing vertebrate animals of the Kostroma Territory also include:

Mammal class:

From Detachment of Insectivores - Common desman and Shrew-crumb.

From the Order of the Chiroptera - Red evening, Pond night dress, Ushanka, Bicoloured leather and others.

From the Detachment of Rodents - Common Flyer, Garden Dormouse, Forest Lemming, etc.

Class of Reptiles:

From the Squamut Squad - Broken spindle and Pratka lizard.

From the Order of the Snake - Ordinary Copper.

Class Amphibians:

From the detachment, the Tailed ones are Siberian Sander.

From the Order of the Tails - Red-bellied fox, Common scabbard, Lake frog and many, many others.

Therefore, if you want to hunt in Kostroma, be careful and first carefully study the Red Book, so as not to accidentally destroy the valuable and endangered species.

Fauna. Vertebrates. Fish

This advice applies to all fishermen and fans of spinning, because the Red Book of the Kostroma Region also protects rarefied fish. Among them, mention should be made of the European grayling of the Salmoniformes.

European grayling is a freshwater fish of the Lososov family, which has a special unusual coloring and inhabits cold and clean water bodies. Its length can reach 60 cm, and weight - 6.5 kg. It feeds on grayling crustaceans, spiders, mollusks, insects and even small fishes.

It is noteworthy that European grayling has a delicate aroma of thyme (or thyme).

In the Kostroma region, other freshwater fish are subject to conservation: Sterlet, Russian sturgeon, Russian bastard, Gorchak, Common eel, etc.

Fauna. Vertebrates. Birds

Who else protects the Red Book of the Kostroma Region? Animals included in this list are diverse for classes and subspecies. They are very beautiful and worthy of admiration for their appearance, habits and role in the environment.

Among such representatives of the fauna should pay attention to the wing-shaped. Which of them takes the Red Book of the Kostroma Region under protection? The birds mentioned in it are, above all, a detachment of Storks, a vivid example of which is the Black Stork.

Black Stork is a beautiful bird of unusual color. Her plumage has a rich black color, against which the red paws and beak seem particularly bright and intense.

The bird inhabits the forest zone, near water bodies, avoiding people and residential areas. It feeds mainly on small vertebrates and invertebrates (sometimes even rodents, snakes and lizards).

The Black Stork hibernates in southern Asia. His favorite pastime is to soar in flight, spread his wings. The hatching of the nestlings stork about a month, and the offspring appear unevenly with each other. Within the next two months, adult birds feed the babies, regurgitating their food.

Other birds mentioned by the Red Book of the Kostroma Region (and there are no less than fifty of them) are also beautiful and poorly studied, like the Black Stork. First of all, they are the Gray Heron and the Little Bittern, the Swan Swan and the Red-breasted Goose, the Golden Eagle and the Serpent, the Kretchet and the Kulik the Magpie, the Shrike Warbler and the Ordinary Dubonos, and many, many others.

Fauna. Invertebrates

The Red Book of the Kostroma Region contains a list of invertebrate animals required for special protection. There are thirty-eight species. These include some Molluscs (Common toothless and Thick perlovets), Crustaceans (Spring Shield, Summer Shield, Narrow-bore River Crayfish), Dragonflies (Green Babka, Shining Beauty, Ljutka-Dryad), Beetles (German Horseman, Marble Bronze, Widest Plavunts) , Hymenoptera (Great birch sawfly, Common hornet, Earth bumblebee) and many others.

Fauna. Butterflies

Of course, under the protection of the state, there were also numerous butterflies. Among them - Machaon.

Machaon is a lovely day butterfly from the family of Lepidoptera. Its front wings are decorated with a bright unusual ornament - black spots and veins, as well as a wide black border. And the hind wings have an even more amazing pattern: the blue-yellow spots are complemented by a red-brown peephole surrounded by a black divorce. The wingspan of this species of butterfly can reach 81 mm in males and 94 mm in females.

Inhabit makhaons in meadows of various types, on forest edges and glades, roadsides and banks of rivers.

Lay eggs of the female mahaon, hanging in the air, on the side surface of the stem or on the underside of the leaf of the fodder plant, which can become cow-grass, dill, parsley, alder Maksimovich, gyrfovnik, ash-tree and many others. Because of this, the reproduction of butterflies is subjected to great extinction due to fires, mowing grass, grazing and intensified trampling of meadows.

However, in addition to the rare species of fauna, representatives of the plant world are naturally included in the Red Book.

Flora. Flowers

Plants of the Red Book of the Kostroma region are truly unique. They amaze with their beauty and unusualness, outlandish charm and exoticism.

First of all, these are almost twenty species of the family of Orchids, of the species of the family of the Lyutikovs, more than fifteen species of the family of the Osokovs and Gramineae. Among such a variety of flowering and fragrant flora, it should be mentioned Calypso bulbous.

Calypso onion is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Orchid family, distinguished by its unusual beautiful flower. A large and fragrant flower, with its head down, reaches a length of approximately 1.5 cm, and has a patchy sack-shaped lip (about 2 cm in size). The shape of the lip resembles a shoe, at the base of which there are three bunches of bright yellow hairs.

Flowering calypso occurs in May-June, and fruiting - in July-August.

In autumn the leaf of the flower is changed, so under the snow cover it appears with a fresh green leaf, which indicates the tropical origin of Calypso onion.

Flora. Other plants

Plants of the Kostroma region, listed in the Red Book, are not limited to flowers. They also include Lichens (Lobaria pulmonary), Red algae (Batrakhospermum clear), Mosses (Sphagnum marsh, Homalia trichomanoid, Dikranum fragile), and also some trees and shrubs. First of all, it's Yves Lappar, Willow blueberry, Birch dwarf and Birch squat.

A total of one hundred and fifty-six species of plants and plant organisms have been taken under protection. Among them, it is necessary to mention such a fertile representative of the flora as the Black Wodanika.

Blackberry (or Shiksha black) is a small evergreen shrub of the Vereskov family. It grows mainly massively, thickets of watercourses occur on rocky areas, as well as in light coniferous and tundra forests and dunes.

Branches of the bush have a green, brown or reddish color, and the flowers have a greenish-pink or reddish-violet color. In autumn, the wateryard fructifies with black opaque drupes, which have medicinal and nutritional properties.

Meaning

Apparently, the Red Book of the Kostroma region is a very important and interesting publication. Decorated with bright illustrations, provided with brief descriptions and information about various endangered species, it will take a worthy place in your library and help you join a worthy and noble mission - protecting and protecting the world around you.