Energy-efficient heating of a private house: principles, technologies

Heating systems often take first place in estimates for the costs of maintaining private homes. First of all, this refers to electrical equipment, although the units operating on other sources of energy supply also assume significant expenses for operation. In addition, the heating infrastructure with its example clearly demonstrates the dependence of the efficiency of the system on the resources invested. Also, the transition to cheaper sources of heat is also conditioned by other negative factors. For example, gas systems require compliance with increased security measures, limiting users to this choice. Anyway, the desire for savings does not leave the minds of the technologists of this field, therefore energy-saving heating in various conceptual variations is increasingly appearing in the proposals of engineering companies. Some solutions are just a marketing ploy, while others justify themselves in practice.

Principles of energy-efficient heating

The idea of energy-saving heating systems is based on the principles of fuel economy, maintenance costs and maintenance of technical infrastructure. To ensure that the system meets these requirements, designers use an extensive range of tools and technological solutions. For example, dual-combustion chambers are provided in boilers, conventional radiator systems receive materials with increased heat transfer, and the distribution schemes of the carrier components are initially calculated taking into account the peculiarities of the site of operation. Energy-saving heating without pipes and boilers, which is based on panel heat transfer, is also gaining popularity. According to many experts, this is the most promising direction. This concept is based on the principle of rational accumulation of generated energy. In practice, this means reducing not only the consumed energy, but also the structural element base. That is, a set of compact plate-emitters is installed in the house, which save space, but at the same time produce the same amount of heat as the systems in which the pipe infrastructure is envisaged.

Principles of heating ecosystems

Energy saving technologies in many areas are closely linked with the principles of environmental safety. On the one hand, the main principle of operation of such equipment is to minimize the consumption of natural energy resources from the exhaustible class, and on the other - complete harmlessness for the users themselves. The latter factor is especially important against the backdrop of the desire of many manufacturers to attract owners of private homes with systems with increased energy efficiency, which is provided by using toxic materials. As for optimizing the consumption of energy resources, this concept is realized by energy-saving heating, consuming biofuel raw materials. Ecologically safe systems of this type presuppose the modernization of traditional boilers, as a result of which they allow the generation of heat in the process of burning waste wood processing, plant residues, dried manure, etc. Now it is worthwhile to consider in more detail specific energy saving technologies in heating systems.

Quartz heaters

This is the most effective type of panel heating, which meets the basic principles of energy efficiency and environmental safety. The heater is a plate made using quartz sand. The special solution is mixed with quartz granules, and also reinforced with a chromium-nickel heating element. Further, the mass is compounded in the press under a certain shape and under the influence of temperature acquires hardness and strength. In essence, we obtain electric heating, the energy-saving property of which is expressed in the ability of quartz to accumulate the current propagated through the chromium-nickel conductor. At the moment of system activation, the panel quickly acquires the required temperature, and after the shutdown it retains a long time. That is, to maintain the set mode, it is not necessary to leave the unit on permanently. A few hours of heat output the system will provide in a passive mode.

Infrared panels

Another type of panel energy-saving heaters, which has its advantages, due to a special operating principle. Infrared radiation is characterized by the ability to heat not so much air as objects. The device acts on the principle of heat release to objects, which, in turn, dissipate the streams in the room. As a result, uniform heating is achieved. According to experts, the temperature difference from the place of installation of the radiator to the extreme point in the room is not more than one degree, while these devices are energy-saving. Heating for a house with large rooms can also be built according to this principle. In this case, not a point-like, but a balanced microclimate around the entire space is organized. On the other characteristics, the infrared heaters retain the advantages of the aforementioned quartz panel.

Energy-efficient radiators

Radiator heating systems are also of interest from companies involved in energy-saving technologies. Unlike conventional radiators, such models are formed by separate vacuum sections filled with a lithium-bromide liquid base. At a temperature of 35 ° C, vaporization takes place in this filler. As a result, heating of the upper parts of the vacuum sections is provided, which, in turn, distribute heat throughout the room. During operation, energy-saving heating radiators are characterized by lower water consumption - as a rule, only one unit requires 500 ml for one unit. This is several times less, compared with the level of consumption of conventional radiator units.

Energy efficient boilers

Boiler and furnace installations are also being improved in design and performance. Pyrolysis energy-saving heating boilers, in which the principle of prolonged heating is realized, are more approximated to traditional units. It is achieved through a special design with a dual combustion chamber. In the process of work, the so-called secondary combustion of waste products occurs. The solid fuel material is initially burned in the main chamber, and then gas substances pass through one more stage of processing with the release of heat.

Another direction of development of the concept of energy-saving boilers is based on the principles of biofuel combustion. These are combined electric heating boilers, energy-saving qualities of which are determined by the ability to work on pellets, special fuel pellets and briquettes.

Solar energy saving batteries

Batteries that work at the expense of energy from solar panels, can provide almost free energy supply to the engineering infrastructure of a residential building. The heating system in this case acts as a consumer of accumulated energy, which is converted into electricity by means of special generators. As the direct equipment for heating can act the same electric boilers or radiators with convectors. But if in the process of generating heat energy-saving heating batteries do not require costs, then their technical content is not cheap. And this is not to mention the primary investments in the same solar panels and transforming generators. It is this nuance that still holds back the widespread use of this technology, but in the near future solar batteries will be able to fully justify their energy-saving function.

Optimization of traditional heating

Practice shows that the indicators of energy costs for heating systems are largely determined by the quality of the project. Layout of heating pipes, installation points for radiating panels, operating parameters of boiler plants - all this affects the consumption of electricity or fuel materials. Therefore, even at the stage of choosing the heating method, it is desirable at least to correlate the plant's capacity with the requirements for the volumes of heat transfer. In addition, energy-efficient heating based on conventional systems can be realized by integrating automatic systems. They will help to achieve rational consumption without the participation of the user through the management of working modes.

Features of installation of energy-saving equipment

Systems with minimal energy consumption differ not only in the principles of operation, but also in the nuances of the installation. In particular, models of energy-saving radiators in some versions are fixed to the ceiling, which allows it to perform its function with greater heat output. Conversely, modern floor heating systems integrate directly into the screed and dissipate warm flows from the bottom to the top. Has its own features and energy-saving heating in the form of quartz panels. They are installed on wall surfaces, but with minimal coverage.

Maintenance of energy-saving systems

The maintenance and maintenance of energy-saving equipment is often more expensive than for traditional units. This is due to the use of non-standard power sources. For example, biofuel boilers assume the organization of conditions for storage of the same pellets and briquettes. Such materials are sensitive to dampness and require compliance with increased fire safety measures. Also, solar energy-efficient heating of a private house needs technical support from converters, and the panels themselves must be regularly monitored for more efficient heat accumulation.

How to choose the best energy-saving solution?

The volume of heat transfer is the main indicator, which should be taken into account when choosing a heating means. In basic versions, small installations, like the same radiators, can cope with the maintenance of premises of 25-35 m ² . But for large living rooms, halls and rooms with high ceilings rather require a powerful electric heating boilers. The energy-saving properties of such equipment will not be so obvious, but it is important to understand that the use of traditional stoves and boiler stations for similar needs will be even more expensive.

Conclusion

Technologies for optimizing the costs of operating heating units and associated equipment in various areas are undergoing radical changes. Adjustments are made both in structural schemes and in functional support. But the starting points for modernization, which are subjected to energy-saving heating systems, are based on the principles of equipment operation. The most significant deviations from traditional systems are demonstrated by alternative energy technologies, although they are not in high demand among ordinary consumers. What can not be said about energy-saving radiators and boilers, the features of which are expressed in the use of more affordable biofuels.