Emergency care for hyperglycemic coma: the algorithm of actions

Hyperglycemic coma occurs in people with diabetes mellitus when non-adherence to therapeutic treatment and an incorrect lifestyle.

What it is?

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the main hormone of the pancreas is not produced - insulin. It is he who participates in the conversion of incoming sugar into glucose. With the accumulation of sugar in the human body, it is excreted through the urine. To prevent this from happening, patients with diabetes must enter intramuscularly injections of insulin.

If the dosage is not met or the diet is incorrect, the blood sugar level may increase. And when the concentration reaches the limit, a hyperglycemic coma sets in. Emergency care, the algorithm of actions in which a person can save, must be provided immediately. But in medicine, hyperglycemic coma is distinguished among people who do not have diabetes mellitus. They can be attributed to the risk zone of this disease. After all, increasing the sugar content in the blood is the first signs of improper operation of the pancreas.

These include patients with cirrhosis of the liver, tumors of the endocrine system, poor assimilation of carbohydrate food.

Causes

After diagnosing a person with diabetes, a schedule of injections is made. The dosage is selected, as a rule, permanently, under the supervision of doctors. The patient should strictly follow the dosage and adhere to the prescribed schedule. Bypassing the introduction of insulin threatens to raise blood sugar, which will require emergency care for hyperglycemic coma.

It is important to keep a diet in the diet, not to eat fatty, roast, smoked, salted, not to drink alcohol. Sugary products are replaced by special diabetic, where fructose is used. The deviation from a diet can provoke a sharp jump in blood sugar.

After the injection of the patient must be sure to eat. Diabetics are prescribed fractional meals. If you do not adhere to this rule, then again, it is possible to increase glucose.

Symptoms of coma

Emergency care for hyperglycemic coma is extremely important. But first, let's look at its main features.

In medicine, distinguish the pre-coma of a patient with diabetes mellitus, which can last one to two days. Main features:

• General weakness;
• Strong thirst;
• The smell of acetone from the mouth;
• Dry skin;
• Frequent urination;
• Pain in the eyeballs;
• loss of consciousness.

If you do not pay attention to these signs in time and take appropriate measures, then this condition threatens to lose consciousness, which in some cases leads to death. Increased blood sugar levels are accompanied by itching and scaling of the skin, in contrast to the lowered level. If the patient in time to pay attention to the above characteristics and begin to systematically inject insulin, it will save his life.

First aid first aid

Properly providing emergency care in hyperglycemic coma can save a person's life. I just want to point out that only medical personnel should help the patient in a coma. But, if it happened that a person lost consciousness, convulsions started, immediately call for an ambulance.

Before the arrival of the medical team put the patient sideways and use a spoon or other long object to fix the tongue. This is a necessary step in order to avoid slipping the tongue and, consequently, strangulation.

If a person has convulsive twitchings or convulsions, make sure that he does not hit. To do this, hold the limb of the patient in the position on the side.

This is the provision of emergency care for hyperglycemic coma. Algorithm of therapeutic care and hospital treatment will be considered further.

Clinical treatment

After the arrival of the medical team, there is an urgent hospitalization in the intensive care unit. If the patient has a glucometer, the blood sugar level is measured and the following actions are taken at the site. Insulin is injected subcutaneously, its dosage is calculated on the basis of the glucometer readings, and the patient is hospitalized.

It is very important correctly diagnosed hyperglycemic coma, symptoms, emergency care in which cardinally different from hypoglycemic. If you mistakenly make a diagnosis, you can not have time to save a person.

Already directly in the intensive care unit, intravenously injected solution of sodium chloride and glucose. If the patient's condition is of moderate severity, then the insulin dose is one hundred units, if heavy - about one hundred and fifty, and in the extremely heavy - about two hundred. Insulin, which is injected, should be of short action, for rapid absorption into the blood.

Also, after diagnosis of the airways and measurement of blood pressure, treatment is selected. In severe cases, the patient is connected to an artificial respiration apparatus. At low pressure, the appropriate drugs are injected intravenously.

Particular attention to one's illness

After receiving the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, the patient must take maximum responsibility for himself. The district doctor of the endocrinologist explains the principles of self-care. This is timely injections of insulin, fractional nutrition, diet, blood test.

It is important to keep blood glucose under control, for this diabetics use a glucometer. Ideally, take measurements twice a day, according to which to change the dosage of insulin.

Always have a diabetic card with you, which must be with your clothing pocket. This will help in case you need emergency help in hyperglycemic coma. For cases of hypoglycemic coma (lowering the blood sugar level), have something sweet at hand. It can be honey in a stick or jam.

In any case, do not skip the tricks of insulin, and if this happens, then monitor the sugar level before stabilization.

Important information for relatives and friends

People who are close to diabetics need to know general information about the disease so that urgent help is given in case of hyperglycemic coma or hypoglycemic.

If the patient is unconscious before your eyes, immediately call for an ambulance. And before their arrival, take care that the tongue does not fuse, - how, we already told. It is not superfluous to measure sugar glucometer before the arrival of doctors, so as not to waste time and help faster.

In a coma, without assistance, a person can live a maximum of a day. Therefore, pay more attention to those close to this disease. Emergency care for hyperglycemic coma in children does not differ from an adult. Differences only in the dosage of drugs and the duration of inpatient treatment.