Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities: treatment, symptoms and causes. Deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities treatment with folk remedies

Vascular diseases are complex and often dangerous pathologies. One of the most insidious ailments is deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Treatment of such a disease should begin as early as possible. After all, the ailment is cunning enough that it can become not only the cause of disability, but also deprive the patient of life.

Characteristics of the disease

At the heart of this pathology lies the appearance in the deep veins of a blood clot, which is called a thrombus. Sometimes an acute illness accompanies the inflammatory process in the wall of the venous vessel. In medicine, the latter was called phlebitis. In this case, the patient is diagnosed with thrombophlebitis.

In the formation of a blood clot, the patient is signaled by the development of the disease "deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs" symptoms. The photo clearly demonstrates them. Around the thrombus begins to develop inflammation. A blood clot is attached to the venous wall. As a result, it becomes inflamed and damaged. This is a very dangerous disease - deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Treatment, not begun on time, leads to the progression of the ailment and serious enough consequences.

Danger of pathology

The severity of the disease lies in the fact that a piece of blood clot can come off. With blood flow, it can spread through the veins, thereby violating the blood flow. For a patient who has been diagnosed with such a serious illness, any movement can be dangerous. Often, muscle contraction affects the thrombus state, and sometimes leads to fragmentation of the clot. In this case, its particles are very easily distributed throughout the body.

Sometimes blood clots form in the superficial subcutaneous vessels. But, of course, thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower extremities is the most dangerous. Treatment, timely and adequate, is the only way to combat pathology.

This pathology can lead even to aortic aneurysm. It is known that the blood from the lower limbs moves to the heart. Then into the lungs, saturating them with oxygen, and again returns to the peripheral organs. It is dangerous, if with it moves pieces of blood clots - emboli. Their entry into the pulmonary artery leads to a violation of blood flow and blockage. As a result, the patient develops respiratory, heart failure. This complication in medicine is called pulmonary embolism (PE).

Causes of the disease

There are three main sources known to cause thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower limbs. Causes such in medicine are called "Triad of Virochov":

1. Increase in blood clotting. Such a pathology is observed with disrupted metabolism, oncological diseases, liver diseases.
2. Changed structure of venous walls. As a result of surgical operations, injections, injuries, this pattern can be observed. Sometimes the pathology is based on the infectious process or immunoallergic.
3. Slowed blood flow, leading to stagnation in the veins. This feature is observed when squeezing vessels, varicose veins.

Thrombosis can occur in the elderly and in young people. Its development is facilitated by a long sitting or standing position. Therefore, people who work with long flights, sitting in a car or at a computer are at risk.

The following factors can provoke a pathology:

• Pregnancy, childbirth (especially at risk of developing a woman's ailment who have undergone a cesarean section);
• Long trips in transport and air travel;
• Complex fractures, cavitary operations, surgical interventions on the joints;
• smoking;
• overweight;
• Lack of fluid in the body, provoking blood viscosity ;
• Use of drugs that increase blood coagulability;
• Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure and other cardiovascular pathologies.

How does the disease develop?

Many people are forced to sit or stand still for a long time. In this case, they do not all develop a disease of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. The history of the disease is as follows.

Forced muscle immobilization leads to stagnation of blood. The patient develops a thrombus. Especially the risk increases in people who are prone to rapid blood clotting.

In most cases, small blood clots dissolve on their own. This is facilitated by the connection of internal reserve regulation mechanisms. But, unfortunately, there are cases when blood clots do not resolve, but rise higher in the veins.

Six months later, the patency of venous trunks in many patients is restored. But in some patients (45%), the pathology passes into the chronic form of venous insufficiency. This is quite a complex disease. Deep veins become like solid tubes, in which the valve apparatus is broken. The function of the outflow of blood is disturbed. Insufficient nutrition of tissues leads to the formation of ulcers on the legs.

Types of pathology

Phlebologists use several classifications that give an idea of the pathology of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. Symptoms of each form have their own distinctive features.

Pathology differs by:

1. The primary form is phlebothrombosis. A particular feature of this pathology is the fragile attachment of a blood clot to the wall in the lumen of the vessel. There is a high probability of sudden separation. This form often leads to quite dangerous complications, often lethal.
2. The secondary form is thrombophlebitis. In the sources of this pathology lies the inflammation of the internal venous membrane. The thrombus is securely fixed. The probability of a sudden separation is extremely low.

A classification that takes into account the causes of the disease is common. There are the following types:

1. Stagnant. Pathology is provoked by squeezing the veins from the outside. As a result, there are obstacles to the free flow of blood.
2. Inflammatory. The cause of the disease are injuries, infectious diseases, injections, allergic reactions of the body.
3. Hemostatic. The main factor of this pathology is the disruption of coagulation properties. This type of ailment is observed in patients with liver diseases, impaired metabolism, oncology.

A rather important classification characterizes the relationship of a thrombus to a venous wall:

1. Occlusive thrombosis. The lumen of the vessel closes completely. There is no blood flow. With the passage of time, this thrombus grows to the venous wall.
2. Parietal. The clot is partly connected with the wall. Clearance exists, through which the flow of blood occurs.
3. Flotation. This pathology is characterized by a large size of thrombus. In length, it can reach 20 cm. With the movement of blood, a clot oscillates. The danger is that the thrombus is able to penetrate into the small vessel, provoking the occlusion of the latter.
4. Mixed. This is a pathology in which the clot is able to go into the ascending segment or descend into the descending segment.

Symptoms of pathology

Reddening of the skin and pain is rarely accompanied by deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Symptoms in pathology are expressed, as a rule, minimally. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to determine the ailment. And in almost half of people, the pathology is generally asymptomatic. Often, such patients face pain in the sternum. Unfortunately, this is a sign of a developing menacing complication - PE.

Consider the clinical, characteristic ailment of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities symptoms. The photo, located in the article, clearly demonstrates the main features. Patients may experience the following symptoms:

• redness;
• Swelling of the extremities;
• Heaviness in the legs;
• Night convulsions;
• Feeling of heat in the affected area;
• Hypersensitivity or painful discomfort, localized in the shin, thigh during standing, walking, and sometimes touching.

Acute thrombosis

Pathology can provoke the following factors and ailments:

• Heart valve flaw;
• endocarditis;
• atherosclerosis;
• aneurysm;
• diphtheria;
• typhoid fever;
• Postoperative period.

Symptomatic of acute thrombosis manifests itself extremely brightly. The disease begins:

• Painful sharp discomfort in the injured limb;
• Cold feet are observed;
• Increase in temperature (indicators can reach 39-40 C);
• Significantly reduced sensitivity (sometimes complete numbness is possible);
• The skin is extremely pale, a marble shade;
• The position of the fingers is clawlike;
• It is impossible to feel the pulse in the peripheral parts;
• Below the thrombosed artery, joint mobility is absent;
• Palpation is painful.

It is urgent to hospitalize a patient who is suspected of acute thrombosis of deep veins of the lower extremities. Treatment for such a patient should be given as soon as possible.

In this pathology, it is forbidden to rub the diseased leg, warm it, or give the limbs an elevated position. During transportation of such a person, the inflamed extremity should be positioned in such a way as to ensure a state of maximum rest.

It is important to understand that with timely hospitalization a person can avoid amputation due to gangrene. In addition, it is necessary to immediately begin conservative treatment. The medicines prescribed by the doctor will help to restore the broken circulatory process.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before assigning the treatment needed for deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, the symptoms must be correctly diagnosed.

During the examination of the doctor, the presence of signs characteristic of this pathology is recorded:

1. A symptom of Pratt. The patient has protruding subcutaneous veins, glossy surfaces.
2. Lovenberg's symptom. There is a painful discomfort in the limb affected by the disease, when trying to pump air into the cuff wrapped around the lower leg, a pressure measuring device. Unpleasant symptoms occur even at 80 mm Hg.
3. The symptom of Payra. When pressing on the inner area of the ankle, there is an irradiative pain in the gastrocnemius muscle.

Medical examination, palpation of the limbs can assess only the appearance of the disease. For more accurate diagnosis, the following studies will be needed:

1. MNO of blood. The analysis determines the coagulability of the blood.
2. Ultrasound duplex scanning. The study gives an idea of the lumen of the vein, the degree of constriction. The analysis determines the presence of a floating thrombus.
3. Phlebography. The examination involves entering a contrast agent into the vein, after which an X-ray is done. Such a study clarifies the diagnosis if a mobile thrombus was suspected.
4. MR-phlebology. The analysis is based on signal transmission from the blood moving through the veins. In the presence of a thrombus from the affected segment, no sound is given.

Medication

The patient, whose pathology is diagnosed, should start the fight against the disease as soon as possible. In the absence of adequate therapy for 3 months, half of patients develop PE.

Often, a doctor chooses conservative therapy to fight the disease, deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. Surgical treatment is required in some cases. As a rule, the patient must stay in the hospital. If there is a blood flow below the popliteal veins, in some cases outpatient treatment is allowed.

The patient is recommended bed rest for 3-5 days. In case of complications, such a period lasts up to ten days. The injured limb is in a raised state.

Necessarily medications are prescribed for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities treatment. The following are recommended:

1. Medicines anticoagulant, disaggregants: "Heparin", "Clexane", "Clopidogrel", "Ticlopidine", "Fraksiparin."
2. Vascular, rheological means: "Reosobilakt", "Pentoksifilin", "Trental", "Tivortin".
3. Medications prostaglandinovogo number: "Vazaprostan", "Ilomedin", "Alprostan".
4. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Dicloberte, Melbeck, Olfen.
5. Glucocorticoids (small doses): Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone.

Patients are advised to use elastic compression. It greatly improves blood flow. It is possible to use elastic bandages. Effective is the use of compression knitwear. Do not ignore such therapeutic effects. A positive result is elastic compression. The necessary methods of such therapy should be consulted by a specialist.

Methods of treatment of pathology

An effective procedure is thrombolysis. With the help of a special catheter, a certain substance is introduced into the vessel, capable of dissolving the blood clot. Such an event is carried out only by a vascular surgeon. The procedure is associated with a risk of bleeding. The advantage of thrombolysis is the ability to dissolve large clots.

In severe form, conservative methods are not able to heal a patient. In this case, there is a need for surgical intervention. You may need an operation to remove thrombotic masses in the large veins of the lower extremities - thrombectomy. When a blockage exists for a long time, the need for shunting is considered. Or low-traumatic intervention - stenting in the affected segment.

Some patients are recommended to install a special cava filter inside the vena cava. This is especially true if the patient has contraindications to drugs aimed at diluting the blood, or if they are ineffective. Such a device is able to protect a person from migrating parts of a thrombus. The action of the cava filter resembles the mechanism of the "trap". This device is installed for a certain period of time - 3-4 weeks. Sometimes - on constantly. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia.

New, safer methods are being developed to combat such ailment, as deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. Laser treatment is one of them. Under the influence of the device it is possible to achieve a stable hypocoagulant effect. This allows you to protect the patient from an unpleasant complication - PE - and effectively defeat deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Treatment in Moscow, so modern and safe, is practiced by many clinics.

Nutrition recommendations

Patients need to adhere to the right diet to cure deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. The diet is based on the use of a large number of vegetables, fruits. These foods are rich in fiber, which helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels.

It is recommended to exclude dishes that promote the retention of fluid in the body and increase the volume of circulating blood. This is an acute, salty food.

To prevent the formation of clots and liquefaction of blood should eat foods that are enriched with vitamin E and essential fatty acids. They are: fish oil, seafood, linseed oil. The necessary diet for the patient will be advised by the attending physician.

Folk remedies

Healers created many recipes to help heal deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Treatment with folk remedies includes the use of a variety of tinctures, broths. Some tools are used for compresses. Others are for ingestion.

1. White acacia. To make the tincture, you need: a tablespoon of flowers pour alcohol - 100 ml. Raw material is infused in a closed container in a warm, dark place. After 10 days, the product for external use is ready. It is used for rubbing and compresses.
2. Patients who are diagnosed with "deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities", treatment with folk remedies can be carried out with the help of tinctures for internal reception. You will need a thoroughly washed and finely chopped white cauliflower root. At 50 grams of raw materials will require 0.5 liters of vodka. The ingredients are mixed (preferably in a jar). The container is closed with a lid and left in a dark place for 3 weeks. Tincture should be taken on a teaspoon three times a day.
3. Effective baths. They eliminate pain, relieve puffiness. A positive result is observed from the use of decoction decoction. For cooking, you need a kilogram of raw materials. He poured 5 liters of water and cooked for an hour. After filtering the broth, his feet soar.
4. Favorable effect is with the disease deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities treatment with propolis. This product helps reduce blood clotting and removes "bad" cholesterol from the body. It is recommended to use propolis between meals at 5 g. This product can be used as an excellent prophylaxis of thrombosis.
5. Honey is very useful in the treatment of pathology. Mix a glass of product with the same amount of onion juice. In a warm place, mixed ingredients should be infused over three days. After this, the composition is transferred to a cold place and held for one more week. Such a drug should be taken before eating at 1 tbsp. L. Three times a day.

When choosing a suitable remedy, do not forget that before applying, you need to check with your doctor. In particular attention requires acute thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower extremities. Treatment of folk remedies described above, you can begin only if the doctor fully supports the chosen means. Do not try fate and self-medicate.

Patient's opinions

What is the most effective treatment for deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities treatment? Testimonies testify that the favorable result brings that method of struggle against pathology, which will be appointed by the attending doctor.

At the same time, patients notice that it is extremely important to recognize the first signs of a disease in time. And do not ignore the developing pathology. Only in this case can we expect a favorable outlook.

Those patients who required surgical intervention, in most cases, remain satisfied with the operation performed. Such patients report that the legs, at last, have ceased to disturb them.

Conclusion

A thrombosis is a pathology very unpredictable and dangerous. Self-treatment, choice of drugs or the use of folk remedies, without consulting a doctor - methods completely unacceptable. Cure with the disease is only capable of professional therapy after a thorough examination.