Cosmetology: facial skin structure, its types and basic care rules

Few women do not dream of preserving freshness and beauty, if not forever, for as long as possible. And at least look younger than his years. Of course, first of all, when drawing up an opinion about age, attention is paid to the skin condition, the presence or absence of wrinkles, age changes, assess the clarity of the face oval, the brightness and moisturizing of the skin and other factors that are difficult or impossible to conceal.

Without radical means of influence, it is not possible to completely eliminate the already existing signs of age. But, knowing how to properly care for the face, smooth problems and slow the aging process of the epidermis is fully within the power of every woman.

Careful care every day - the basic part of the system to maintain a satisfactory appearance and, as a result, self-confidence. An important rule is to do it in accordance with the type of skin, with its age stage and in consistency with the principles that professional cosmetology dictates.

Structure of facial skin and the influence of cosmetic procedures on it

Skin is one of the most important and complex organs of the human body, containing 60% of the moisture necessary for life. And numerous pores, nerve endings, capillaries and vessels, sebaceous and sweat glands in the composition of the skin - this is a whole factory to serve the needs of the body.

The external state of this body is not only determined by genetic and age factors, but also directly depends on the lifestyle, the presence of diseases, including chronic ones, and features of the diet.

Numerous skin cells with continuous metabolic processes throughout their life directly affect how any person will look in this or that time period. Cosmetology helps us to improve our appearance.

The structure of the facial skin begins with the upper layers of the dermis. The most active, but not too long action with the help of waste funds and procedures at home can be rendered on them. The underlying subcutaneous fat layer consists of connective tissue and a significant accumulation of fat, with multiple blood vessels passing through them and nerve endings.

In the subcutaneous fat tissue, nutrients necessary for normal functioning of the epidermis are accumulated and stored. The appearance and deepening of wrinkles on the face requires strengthening of the skin and relaxation of the facial muscles, since such wrinkles are aggravated by mimicry and sagging of the structure of the skin fibers. First of all, sufficient moisturizing and the means that contribute to the production and augmentation of collagen and elastin are required.

Types of skin that define cosmetology

The structure of the facial skin is conditioned by nature and is absolutely the same for all people, but the appearance of each person is strictly individual. In addition to the hormonal status, the appearance of the sebaceous glands has a serious effect on the appearance, which predetermines the type of skin. Traditionally classify such types:

• normal;
• fatty;
• dry;
• Mixed or combined.

It should be known that with age and with certain diseases of internal organs it can vary. Knowing how the skin of the face is arranged, and determining its type, you can choose an effective program of cleansing and care.

Normal type

The normal type is a real natural gift for its possessor. He meets less often. The structure and structure of the skin of this type are characterized by elasticity, smoothness and even tone. Pores and vascular mesh are not expressed, pigmented spots, peeling, redness, inflammation, acne and greasy gloss are absent.

Unfortunately, nowadays it is almost impossible to have such a skin without making any effort, because both ecology, modern lifestyle, and food are now far from ideal. In addition, with age, it changes with a certain speed into a dry type.

Leather of dry type

She looks best at a young age, since her face lacks oily shine, enlarged pores, and the appearance of pimples is minimized. However, very soon it becomes very thin, loose, and also quite vulnerable, prone to flaking and redness.

With age, on the face (most often in the cheek area), the spider veins become noticeable. Such a skin dermis is prone to painful reactions to the aggressive influence of the environment, the change in climatic conditions and temperature changes. If it is not provided with regular nutrition and additional fats and moisture, it loses elasticity and elasticity much faster than other types, covered with a fine wrinkle net even in relatively young women.

Bold skin type

Fatty skin can be recognized by the expanded, prone to acne and purulent pimples pores and greasy gloss due to accelerated production of sebum. The skin is rather thick, with a grayish tinge. But, with all the obvious drawbacks, it has the pluses: good elasticity, endurance, which allows you to be less afraid of aggressive external environment and premature aging. After thirty years, women with fatty skin look younger than their peers with a dry skin type and in most cases go to a group of women with mixed (combined) type.

Leather of mixed type

This type of skin is the most common. In the forehead, nose and chin (in the T-zone), where the pores are dilated, black dots are often noticeable, and there is often a greasy shine. And the area around the eyes and cheeks remains normal or even dry. Knowing how to properly care for the face, this type can become normal over the years, although with areas of dryness.

All the main types of skin have been described above. In some materials, mention may be made of a sensitive type or skin care of the acne type, but such designations are not entirely professional, since such problems can at times be in each of the classic four types.

Basic rules of care

Of course, all types of facial skin have their own peculiarities, which determine the individual set of rules for cleaning and nourishment, as well as exceptions to the list of an item, but there are general basic measures and laws that should be followed by basic skin care, regardless of Specifics of its type. These basic rules help determine professional cosmetology.

The structure of facial skin in this matter is of paramount importance, therefore the main stages of care are cleansing, toning and moisturizing. And only after that, additional measures are scrubs, peels and masks, suitable for a particular type and age.

Cleansing the face skin

The person needs daily thorough cleansing, and it needs to be done in the morning and in the evening. Even if there is no need to remove decorative cosmetics, it is necessary to cleanse the face of dust, accumulation of fat emissions and toxins, as well as necrotic cells that form a layer that prevents the skin from breathing and get useful substances from the wax cosmetics.

If you have makeup it must be completely removed by a suitable remedy, depending on the persistence of the makeup and skin type, and then wash with warm or cool water. Never wash off cosmetics and wash (including with oily skin) with usual toilet soap, even if advertising promises miracles when used.

Lumpy solid soap with an alkaline base, unlike special means for washing, destroys the natural protective layer, violating the acid-base balance. This causes irritation, excessive dryness and reproduction of bacteria, with which the dermis with disturbed natural barrier functions is no longer able to cope.

Fatty skin, like the inflamed, dry, sensitive, young or mature, must be cleaned according to its characteristics only with special means for washing - gel, mousse, cream or facial foam. To wash it is necessary to try not chlorinated water directly from the tap, but boiled or filtered through a filter. You can use drinking bottled water without gas.

It is very useful sometimes to wash with water, diluted with broths of plants, appreciated by cosmetologists. It can be chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort, mint, sage. Decoctions also require a competent approach, because St. John's wort and marigold have anti-inflammatory and astringent properties, which makes them useful for oily skin, and the decoction of flaxseed likes dry and sensitive skin.

It is useful to wipe your face with an ice cube, which can also be a decoction of herbs. It is good to use for table ice mineral water. This procedure perfectly tones and refreshes the face. However, for owners of reactive, sensitive skin, as well as for skin with a pronounced vascular pattern, cosmeticians do not recommend it.

Peeling is an important procedure that can be easily carried out at home using exfoliating scrubs and masks. They can be purchased in accordance with the type of skin and personal preferences. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the fact that the peeling was for the face, not for the body, with fine scrubbing particles and elastic structure, so as not to injure the epidermis - the top layer of the skin.

That is why when peeling it is important to massage the face on massage lines, not zealous and not too pressing. It should also be remembered that the composition of such a remedy may include extracts and extracts from exotic fruits that can cause an allergic reaction. And on the sensitive skin it can cause and the procedure of peeling.

Toning

Any skin after the cleansing procedure must be toned. Many people neglect this stage, but completely in vain. It is the tonics and special lotions that help to maintain the elasticity and freshness of the face for a long time. Cosmetic tonics remove excess cleanser, open pores, helping to prevent keratinization of the upper layer of the epidermis, help prepare for the final stage of the main care program - applying suitable serums and creams.

Humidification

If the skin becomes irritated, drier than usual, if it is dull and flakes, then it lacks moisture. She needs a gentle care - gentle cleansing and enhanced nutrition with masks and applications.

Even with a visible lack of dryness, almost every woman faces dehydration. This is especially noticeable in the spring months. In place of winter, heavier and greasy creams, intensive moisturizers should be purchased to restore the natural protective barrier of the skin.

It happens that after the end of the winter season, on the contrary, it becomes more greasy, and the pores - enlarged. Most often this is observed after overly active cleansing, the use of too many fatty creams, as well as changes in diet to calorie. Hence, you will need regular degreasing and matting the face. But in this case, you should not use alcohol-containing drugs, because they will only exacerbate the problem, overdrying and aggressively removing the natural fat layer. In this case, the work of the sebaceous glands becomes even more intense.

Degreasing products without the risk of damaging the skin can be used no more often 2-3 times a week with oily skin, and with normal - even less. The other types of procedure for additional degreasing are not needed and even contraindicated. Greasy shine is best leveled by cosmetics with absorbent and matting effect, while not at the expense of permanent moisturizing.

Clearing masks with kaolin perfectly help to regulate the excessive fat content. Decorative cosmetics, tailored to suit all needs, helps to hide excessive shine. In this case, mineral cosmetic products are good.

If the skin will face regular dehydration, it will react to the problem by redness, irritation and flaking. So, a fatty type with enlarged pores often reacts to improper care with pimples. Although most often the inflammatory process indicates reduced immunity, gastrointestinal disorders or dietary inaccuracies, however, incorrectly chosen care tactics can provoke the appearance of comedones and acne.

In addition to the need to treat co-morbidities and to lead a healthy lifestyle, it is good to combat the problem of using antibacterial drugs and cosmetics. It is better, if all this is addressed not just a sales consultant, but a specialist cosmetician or dermatologist.

It is important to realize that skin problems are always better prevented than solved. That is why the basic competent care for a person at any age and with any type is the key to a healthy and attractive appearance, and therefore, the mood, and success in different areas of life.