Correctional institutions of Russia

Sometimes a person who is serving a sentence for an offense says: "They put him in jail." Such a phrase can often be heard after the verdict announced in court, when the accused is taken into custody.

However, this does not mean that a person will serve his term in prison. For this, there are various correctional institutions. In them, and sent convicts.

Types of IU

The way in which the prisoner will be sent to a prisoner depends on two factors. This article, as well as the gravity of the crime committed. What are the types of correctional facilities? First of all, it's an SIZO. The investigative isolator performs the function of the IS in such cases:

- serving a sentence of less than 6 months;
- receiving the punishment for the first time, when the offender (with the relevant article) can remain in the SIZO at his own will to perform various hozrabot.

The second type of detention facility is a penal colony. Such institutions are of several types. These include:
1. Colonies-settlements. In such places are sent those who have committed crimes by negligence and not serious. In the colony-settlement, according to the court's decision, they can transfer convicts from other IU.
2. Colonies of general regime. They are sent to serve the punishment of repeat offenders, as well as those who committed serious crimes. Criminals come here, who were initially identified in children's correctional institutions when they reach the age of 18 or 21.
3. Colonies of strict regime. These are correctional institutions, which contain those who were convicted of serious crimes, sometimes with relapse, as well as persons who violated the conditions that exist in the IC with less stringent conditions.
4. Colonies of special treatment. They are serving the sentence of men who have committed particularly dangerous crimes that have received a life sentence. This is also used to transfer those persons who, after pardon, were replaced by deprivation of liberty.
5. Prisons. These correctional institutions are created to serve the punishment of male criminals who are to be (according to the sentence of the court) isolated from society for a period of more than five years. Prisoners also transfer those convicts who systematically violated the regime of the colony.
6. Treatment and Correctional Institution. These are medical institutions, in which prisoners are sent, who are ill for a long time. This refers to a contingent requiring the treatment of chronic and psychiatric pathologies.

There is a system of correctional facilities for juvenile offenders. It includes age-related IS of various types. In them, prisoners work and in parallel receive education, beginning with the middle and ending with the secondary special.

Purpose of IU

All types of correctional institutions called upon to execute punishment are legal entities. And the decision on their creation and, if necessary, liquidation is within the competence of the Russian government, which coordinates this action with regional executive bodies.

All types of correctional facilities are designed:

- comply with Russian legislation;
- Ensure the legality, law and order and security of all persons in the territory;
- to attract the persons who are part of the SG to work and to carry out their training (general and professional);
- ensure the health of convicts;
- carry out activities to develop the material and technical base of the university, as well as its social sphere;
- to render all possible assistance to the bodies conducting the operative-search work;
- ensure the proper treatment of those persons who are detained.

Places where citizens serve their sentences differ in their severity and in the nature of the means of influence with which the sentence is implemented. This fact can be explained by the different degree of danger of convicts and crimes committed by them.

Correction Tools

All the activities of correctional institutions are aimed at maintaining order and observing the necessary conditions created for the execution and serving of sentences. In addition, the tasks of the IA include determining the necessary means to correct convicts, protecting their freedoms, rights and legitimate interests, as well as assisting in social adaptation. At the same time, criminal justice institutions use such means to achieve their goals:

- professional training;

- social impact;

- the established mode;

- general education;

- educational work ;

- socially useful work.

Colonies-settlements

These correctional institutions of Russia are included in the penal correction system of the country. At present, there are 160 of them. In the colony-settlement, people are sent:

- who committed crimes only by negligence;
- having a first conviction, if the gravity of the act committed by them is regarded as small or medium;
- positively characterized (when transferred from colonies of strict and general regime).

Colony-settlements are Russian correctional institutions, in which there is a semi-free regime for those who serve punishment. All persons contained in them are not subject to being under guard. At the same time, they have the right of free movement within the boundaries of the territory of the colony.

In such IS, the least dangerous category of persons who committed a crime is contained. That is why their living conditions are as close as possible to those that exist at large.

Those sentenced to correctional facilities of this type (those who committed the crime through negligence or whose deed are classified as small as well as of medium gravity) are sent both independently and in custody. Those who are transferred from the IC of strict or general regime, without fail accompanies the convoy.

Conditions in correctional institutions of such a semi-free type are the same, regardless of their location. And at the same time in one colony-settlement contain convicts of both sexes. It is not necessary to create separate information for men and separately for women. This is due to the approach of conditions in such a colony to life on the loose. In this territory, even families serving time can live.

Colonies of general regime

These men are sent to serve their sentence both men and women. However, the regime in correctional institutions of this type can be ordinary, light and strict. This provision is regulated by articles 120-121 of the PEC of Russia.

Under normal conditions, persons who entered the colony after the sentence has been sentenced are kept. There are among them those who are transferred from other ICs.

The facilitated conditions are sometimes a kind of encouragement to those who, during the six months spent in the colony, did not have any penalties and conscientiously treated labor.

The strict conditions of the IS of the general regime are intended for malicious violators of the order that is established in the colony. In this category, people who have served their term under facilitated or regular treatment may be involved. Such a transfer is made not earlier than six months after the beginning of the term.

Colonies of strict regime

In these IU convicts serve their term also under different conditions. And all of them are regulated by Articles 122 and 123 of the PEC of Russia.

Thus, the usual conditions of detention are intended for men who have entered a strict-regime colony by a court verdict. Such a regime is not recommended for those who committed an intentional crime while serving their sentence.

The transfer to facilitated conditions is a kind of encouragement to those men who conscientiously treated the work and had no penalties for nine months while staying in the same IU.

The one who is recognized as a malicious intruder is placed under strict regime. These can be people who constantly violate the established order of the IU or transferred to a similar institution after committing intentional crimes committed by them in places of detention.

Colonies of special treatment

Serving of punishment in similar ИУ is regulated by articles 124 and 125 PEC of Russia. The usual conditions in these colonies are for men who have come here according to the order, and also for those who are transferred from strict and light conditions. Only those persons who are convicted of crimes committed by them deliberately during the term of the court-appointed term are not held under this regime.

Those citizens who have not been subjected to penalties and have labored diligently during the year of deprivation of liberty deserve the conditions. For malicious violators, the internal routine of correctional facilities of this type becomes more stringent. They are transferred to strict living conditions.

Differences in colonies

Conditions in which convicts are held in prisons are described in articles 121, 123 and 125 of the PEC of Russia. And for the colonies of each of the above modes are provided their indicators. They are:

- the standard of living space per convicted person;
- number of long and short visits per year;
- the amount of the monthly expenditure of funds for items related to essentials and food;
- the number of parcels, parcels and transfers that convicts receive during the year;
- Internal regulations of correctional facilities.

The conditions of detention according to the above indicators vary not only between different types of colonies. They have their indicators even within the same IU with light, ordinary and strict internal modes. Of course, with less strict rules of procedure, all the indicators of residence are maximum, and for more severe rules, on the contrary.

Regardless of the type of colony, the convicts, who are in the usual and light conditions, live in hostels. Those who are provided with strict internal regulations of correctional facilities, spend time in locked rooms (cells).

Conditions for detention in such colonies are regulated by Article 127 of the PEC of Russia. Those to whom lifelong maintenance is defined, are placed in cells on two persons. Sometimes they are locked in single locked rooms. Such prisoners have the right to conduct daily walks under guard. Its duration is 1.5 hours. A convict's good behavior gives him the right to extra time. In this case, the walk can be increased by thirty minutes.

Prisons

Supervision in correctional institutions of this type is as strict as possible, because they are sent especially dangerous criminals. These are people who need a more severe penalty for the acts they have committed, or those who can not be remedied in less strict regime colonies.

In prisons, those citizens who are sentenced to prison for more than 5 years are serving their sentence. At the same time, the crimes committed by them are qualified as especially serious, having a dangerous relapse. In prisons, there may be those who, instead of the General Administration of the General Administration, have chosen to perform works in the form of economic maintenance for prisoners.

In correctional institutions for especially dangerous criminals, there are two regimes - general and strict. But in any case, prisoners in prisons are kept in general locked cells, and the living conditions created for them are much stricter than those that exist in the colonies.

Treatment and Correctional Facilities

The main purpose of LIU is the maintenance of persons serving sentences who are ill with drug addiction, alcoholism or an open form of tuberculosis. According to the current legislation, every medical institution provides the right to a person in it to purchase food and basic necessities. And such purchases are made without restrictions, but at the expense of own funds.

The standard of living space for each convict here is 3 square meters, and in the rules of the existing internal schedule there is a time for conducting therapeutic and diagnostic activities. The work of those held in such institutions is organized taking into account the available medical instructions, the degree of work capacity and the possibility of carrying it out in the given conditions.

There are in LIA and penal isolators, as well as single cameras. They contain prisoners who violated the internal routine of the institution, while continuing the course of treatment prescribed to them.

Educational colony

These juvenile offenders are juvenile offenders punishable by imprisonment. In the system of correctional institutions existing in our country, such colonies are called upon to solve special problems. Their purpose is to return minors to the way of respect for the rule of law established in society.

In juvenile offenders juvenile offenders are sent, who have received as a punishment one or another term of imprisonment. The internal schedule of such correctional facilities allows the creation on their territory of separate isolated areas where convicts are held, who during the serving term is eighteen years old.

In educational colonies, as in all other ICs, various conditions are established for prisoners. They can be ordinary, lightened, preferential and strict. Differs their severity regimes.

Those adolescents who serve their sentences appointed by the court under ordinary conditions live in hostels. They are allowed a monthly expenditure of personal money within certain limits, as well as 6 short and 2 long visits per year.

A softer regime for those who serve time in light conditions. They have a higher monthly amount of personal funds and a greater number of scheduled visits.

Under favorable conditions, convicts are entitled to live in hostels without protection outside the educational zone. Supervision of such persons is carried out only by the administration of the colony. Such juvenile offenders have the right to wear civilian clothes, unlimited spending of their own funds and short-term visits in any quantity.

The same one who is kept in strict conditions lives in an isolated room, where he must stay in his spare time from the labor or training process.