Connectors for wires: types and purposes. Wiring rules

Almost every home master faces the need to connect wires. During repair, new wiring or simply connecting a new appliance to the network, it is required to perform similar actions. They differ in scale and complexity.

On the way to the consumer, electrical networks have many branches. In these places, connectors for the wires are installed . There are many kinds of them. How to properly choose and apply such elements of electrical networks, you should know every electrician before starting work.

Evolution of compounds

. Previously, electricians did not have a question how to connect the wires together . For this purpose, a common technology was used. The wires were cleaned, twisted between soda and wrapped in electrical tape.

Earlier in homes, the wiring was made of aluminum wires. Today, the copper core for equipping the power supply system is simply necessary. In recent decades, new and powerful machinery has appeared in our houses and apartments. When you use it, you need strong, quality wiring.

According to experts, faults occur most often in connection areas of wires. The twisted conductors begin to heat up when the load increases. Insulating tape will crack over time. In this place, the probability of a short circuit is high. To avoid a fire, it is necessary to use special wire connectors. и особенности применения подобных изделий будут рассмотрены далее. The types and features of the use of such products will be discussed below.

Wiring Rules

To understand what wiring connections are advisable to do in this or that case, it is necessary to consider the rules for the arrangement of electrical installations. They clearly indicate which methods are acceptable for the arrangement of modern communication systems. можно сделать выводы о неприемлемости применения скруток. Considering the rules for connecting wires, you can draw conclusions about the unacceptability of using twists. The normative documentation clearly states that all the wires must be connected by welding, crimping, clamping or soldering.

Wiring should be made of a cable with a copper core. In order for such a network to have high reliability, the connections must be as strong as possible. The cross-section of cores is chosen in accordance with the total assumed load. The more equipment is connected to the network, the thicker the conductor needs to be connected to the system.

Caps

, некоторые непрофессиональные мастера все же решаются отдать предпочтение скрутке проводов. Considering how to connect the wires to each other , some non-professional masters still decide to give preference to the twisting of the wires. This is acceptable if local wiring repairs or connecting a low-power appliance to the house network are made. The master can in this case somewhat improve such a joint vein.

To ensure greater reliability, special caps are used. They are used instead of tape. They are also called connecting isolating clamps (PPE).

является более безопасным, чем вариант с изолентой. Connecting wires with clamps is safer than the option with electrical tape. The connector looks like a plastic cup. It is equipped with a steel spring. It clamps the contacts and provides reliable contact. In quality clamps there is a special lubricant, which prevents oxidation processes. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account for which wires the product is intended (multi-core or single-core). Also, the cross-section of the conductor for which the clamp is intended is to be evaluated. PPE is not used for joining wires from different materials.

Terminals

сегодня имеет вид клемм. Most often, the cable connector has the form of terminals. They are made of brass. The connected ends of the cable do not contact each other directly. Therefore, with the help of such structures it is possible to commute identical conductors, veins of different cross-section size, made of different materials.

To be able to create the correct joint, you must select the appropriate types of terminals. They differ in the nominal current rating, and in the permissible diameter for the wire. All terminal characteristics are indicated on their housing.

Some commercially available terminals may have a special filler in their composition. The gel prevents oxidation processes, increasing the reliability of the connection. The terminals are knife, spring, screw.

Spring varieties

пружинного типа применяются как для простых, так и сложных схем. The connection of wires using spring-type clips is used for both simple and complex circuits. For a few pairs of wires, a special block modification is made.

Fixation occurs due to straightening of the spring mechanism. This fastening is considered one of the most reliable. The structure of this mechanism includes a special lubricant. It differs from previous materials that are used in fasteners. This is not a gel, but a lubricant of a certain consistency.

In the manufacture of spring-type terminals, manufacturers specify the scope of application of such products. Clamps are available for stranded and solid conductors. This must be taken into account when choosing. Most often, the type of attachment shown is used for the branching of zero and phase.

Knife terminals

Today, another electrical connector is being used. It is called a knife terminal. This is a reliable, strong connection. These terminals are easy to install and operate. The wires in this case are switched using a special conductive plate. When performing a wire clamping, this structural element cuts the braid around the core. Therefore, when performing such a connection, the wires do not need to be stripped.

Due to its features, the type of terminals presented is considered reliable and durable. During installation, the master must apply force to fix the ends of the conductors well. This is considered the norm. Sometimes it is necessary to use pliers for clamping.

The presented variety of terminal connectors is made for permanent and detachable connection types. In the first version, the master must carefully think through all the nuances of organizing the electrical circuit. This process is carried out before the start of the installation work.

Connection of different materials

As is known, two types of conductors are used in modern wiring. The first category includes veins of copper, and to the second - from aluminum. According to the rules of fire safety it is recommended to give preference to the first option. However, in some cases, the master has to combine copper and aluminum wires.

обычной конфигурации не может гарантировать высокого качества в месте стыковки. A standard-type cable connector can not guarantee high quality at the junction. This is due to a number of reasons. At temperature differences, the linear expansion of different metals will not be identical. In this case, a gap can be formed between directly coupled aluminum and copper.

At the same time, resistance increases at the point of contact. Conductors begin to heat up. Also, a film of oxides appears on the stripped wires. This also contributes to a worsening of contact. This network condition provokes various malfunctions, can cause a fire. Therefore, only special types of contactors are suitable for such connections.

Screw terminals

может быть винтового типа. The electrical connector can be screw type. Such contactors have been used for a long time. This kind of terminal has certain drawbacks and advantages. These are compact, easy-to-install devices. They allow you to connect wires of different diameters. And they can be used for both solid and stranded conductors. In the second variant, the cable end is peeled and crimped with brass tips.

The disadvantage of the type of connection represented is the inappropriateness of the terminals to dock more than three conductors simultaneously. This somewhat complicates the work, causing more connections. Also over time, such a connector loses its original characteristics. The wires no longer fit snugly together. Therefore, when using a screw connection, it is necessary to tighten the place of docking the wires periodically.

For wires of large diameter, compounds known in the people as "walnut" are used. Such contactors are most often used when laying wires from the carrier line to the house.

Modern connectors

Many electricians use a male-to-female coupler for the wires to ensure a strong contact between the cores . This type of connectors is known for a long time. This kind of connector is divided into a kind of "dad" with a plug or plug, and also a "mother" with a socket or socket. Inside one series, these connectors are compatible with each other.

This is one of the most reliable, modern types of contactors. Connect the wrong wires with this connection will not work. The pins of the "dad" will completely coincide with the internal configuration of the nests of the "mother". In some cases, the color of the connection points is used for the accuracy of the installation. This makes it possible to understand for which consumer the connector is designed, not to confuse them.

On sale are connectors "mother-mother" and "father-father." These are extension cords. Depending on the accessories of each category, contactors with a socket or a plug are used.

Spring sleeves for dissimilar wires

из разных материалов могут быть пружинного типа. Connectors for wires from different materials can be spring type. They also contribute to the elimination of direct contact of the veins. They can be detachable or integral. One of the most famous and reliable ways to connect cables from copper and aluminum is the universal Wago connector. The cross-section of the conductors can also be different when used.

используют принцип винтовых клемм. All-in-one wire connectors use the principle of screw terminals. It is also possible to use devices in which a metal plate is replaced by a special conductive rod. It rivets, providing a reliable connection. The bare sections of the cable must be additionally insulated.

а также их характерные отличия, каждый сможет подобрать лучший вариант для подключения различных приборов или проведения ремонтных работ. Having considered what connectors exist for the wires, as well as their characteristic differences, everyone will be able to choose the best option for connecting various devices or performing repair work.