Characteristics and marking of LEDs

LEDs are among the most demanded electronic components, and in a wide variety of industries. The most important nuance of their involvement is a correct classification. At the heart of its methodology can be the use of special labeling of LEDs. How can they be? What is the industry specificity of their application?

General information about LEDs

Before we study what principles are used to mark the LEDs, let us consider the basic information about the corresponding type of products. What are they?

The LED is a special diode that glows if an electric current passes through it. The main component of this product is a semiconductor material. The kind of additives it contains determines the color when the LED lights up. For example, if aluminum is added to the semiconductor, the color of the LED to which the electric current is applied can be red. If added indium - blue. In modern industry, LEDs are produced in the widest range of modifications based on the content of impurities.

The products under consideration (labeling of LEDs can reflect this feature) are used in the widest range of industries: in the manufacture of lamps, televisions, decorative elements, etc. In these areas, LEDs in many cases have no analogues, and if they are, then the considered In many cases there are indisputable advantages.

For example, if we compare traditional incandescent and LED lamps, then the latter may be preferable, because:

- they will have significantly lower power consumption;

- they will have a longer service life;

- they are able to work at reduced voltage;

- they are characterized by environmental friendliness, safety of operation.

LED Construction

Another aspect that will be useful to study before considering how the marking of LEDs is applied is the construction of the corresponding elements. They consist of:

- Lenses (most often made of epoxy resin);

- wire contact;

- crystal;

- reflector;

- electrodes;

- anode and cathode.

How do LEDs work?

How does the LEDs work? The reflector of the corresponding element includes an LED crystal. The corresponding component specifies a special scattering angle. The light produced by applying voltage to the LED passes through the layers of the housing, then it gets on the lens, and then begins to dissipate.

It can be noted that the LEDs are able to function both in the visible color range and in the infrared. This feature emphasizes the versatility of the products in question. Marking of the LEDs can be used to indicate the color of the corresponding product. Let's consider its features in more detail.

What are the features of marking the LEDs in color?

First of all, it should be noted that the uniform unified marking of LEDs by color in the world market has not yet been approved. Each manufacturer uses its own approaches to classify the relevant products. If to speak about the Russian market - in our country classification of light-emitting diodes on 4 types is widespread:

- Red;

- green;

- yellow;

- Orange.

Let's consider it in more detail in the context of marking the corresponding products.

Red LEDs on the Russian market: marking

If a red strip is used as the marking of the Russian diode, it will be of the type AL112A (D) and will glow red. If the marking is represented by a green strip, then the LED will be classified as AL112B (D) and will also glow red. In turn, the blue bar denotes a product of the type AL112B. It also has a red color. The same color will be for the following LEDs marked with a red dot: АЛ112Е (К), АЛ301А, АЛ310А, АЛ316А, and also PIKM02А-1К.

At the same time, there are red LEDs:

- АЛ112Ж (Л) and АЛ307Г with a green point;

- AL112I (M), AL310B, as well as AL316B with a blue dot;

-АЛ307А, АЛ307В, АЛ336К, and also КИПД02А-1К with a black point;

- КИПД02Б-1К with two black dots;

- АЛ301Б, АЛ336Б, and also КИПМ02Б-1К with two red points.

There is also a product type AL307B without marking - also a red glow. Let's consider now what is used for the marking of green LEDs on the Russian market.

Green LEDs

So, green color of a luminescence have following products:

- КИПД02В-1Л with a black point;

- AL336I with a white dot;

- AL336G, and also КИПМ02Г-1Л with two green points;

- КИПД02Г-1Л - with two black dots.

The next type of products common in the Russian market is yellow. Let's consider what the marking of LEDs is, decoding it - in relation to products of the appropriate type.

Yellow LEDs

LEDs that have a yellow glow include:

- АЛ336Д - with one yellow point, АЛ336Е - with two, АЛ336Ж - with three;

- АЛ307Д, КИПД02Е-1Ж - with one black point, АЛ307Е and КИПД02Е-1Ж - with two;

- КИП02Д-1Ж - with three green dots.

The next common type of products is orange. We will study what the marking of LEDs (LED) of the corresponding type is.

Orange LEDs

Products that have an orange glow include:

- LED AL307I - marked with a white dot;

- LED AL307L - with two white dots.

There are many ways to use the products in question. Accordingly, the marking of LEDs (LED) can be classified for other reasons. So, among the most widespread spheres of application of these products is the production of light ribbons. Let's consider how the marking of LEDs is applied when considering the design of this type of product.

Features of marking of LED strips

It should be noted that the production of LED strips belongs to business types, for which the unified approach of brand-manufacturers to the labeling of products is typical. So, in order to classify LED strips , a unified code consisting of 8 elements is applied. It is presented in the following structure.

In the first element of the corresponding code, the name of the main component of the tape - LED, LED, is encrypted.

The second element of the code reflects the color of the corresponding product:

- R - red - from English Red;

- G - green - from Green;

- B - blue;

- CW - white;

- The RGB code reflects the fact that the LED is multi-color.

In the third element of the code under consideration, by means of which the LED-marking of the terminals is encrypted. For example, they can be classified as SMD. That is, the code will show that the chip is designed to be installed directly on the printed circuit board, within the framework of surface mounting. In turn, the unified code can also be labeled with LEDs such as DIP, which will show that the products are designed for installation not on the surface of anything, but in the holes.

In the 4th element of the unified code LED is reflected the size of the body in millimeters. In the 5-th - the number of corresponding products on 1 meter of tape, on which they are installed.

In the 6th - the class of protection of the LED from the impact of various external factors. Here, for example, an IP code can be used that reflects the fact that the protection class is indicated in accordance with the industry standard for the protection of electronic devices IEC-952.

The 7th element reflects the degree of protection of the LED. Here there can be codes:

- 0, indicating that the LEDs do not have protection against external factors;

- 1, indicating that the product is protected from penetration of objects having a diameter of 50 mm or more;

- 2, reflecting that the LED is protected from objects with a diameter of 12-80 mm;

- 3, showing protection against objects with a diameter that is 2.5 mm or more;

- 4, reflecting the security of the LED from objects in diameter from 1 mm;

- 5, showing that the product is protected from penetration of dust in an amount that could lead to a disruption in the functionality of the LED;

- 6, which indicates that no penetration of dust into the product is allowed.

In turn, the 8th element of the unified code reflects the degree of protection of the product from the penetration of liquids. It can contain the following codes:

- 0, which indicates that the LED is not protected from the effects of liquids;

- 1, reflecting the fact that drops of water can not penetrate into the product, which fall vertically;

- 2, which shows that the LED is protected from drops of water that fall at an angle of 15 degrees;

- 3, fixing the protection against drops that fall at an angle of 60 degrees;

- 4, indicating that the LED is protected from water droplets that fall on the product at any angle;

- 5, which reflects that the product is protected from the action of a stream of water of ordinary intensity;

- 6, showing that water directed by a strong jet can not penetrate into the LED;

- 7, indicating that water will not penetrate the product even if it is submerged to a depth of up to 15 cm;

- 8, which shows that the LED will retain functionality even if it is immersed in water for a long time.

Decoding of the unified label code for the LED strip: example

How can an example of unified code look like in the structure we examined?

So, for example, the marking of SMD-LEDs can look like this: LED-R-SMD-5050/60 IP68. It means that:

- the LEDs are placed on the tape;

- the corresponding products have a red glow - R;

- The tape is made using LEDs such as SMD - that is, designed to be installed on the surface;

- the LED has a housing size of 50 by 50 square meters. Millimeters;

- on the tape there are 60 LEDs, that fact;

- in accordance with international standards, the tape can be used in a dusty environment, as well as for long-term placement in water - IP68.

Manufacturers of LED ribbons, thus, offer their users a convenient and informative classification of products. With its help, it is possible to efficiently label SMD LEDs and those that belong to the DIP category.

Among other common types of products, the release of which applies the products in question - car headlamps and flashlights. It will be useful to study how the marking of headlamps for LEDs, as well as products installed in flashlights of various types, is carried out, respectively.

Features of the marking of LEDs for headlights

The most important characteristic of the LED lamp installed in the headlight of the car is the type of its cap. This parameter should be guided first of all when choosing a car headlight - in terms of its use instead of halogen.

For example, if you choose an LED head light lamp, then between its marking and brightness, the following dependencies can be observed:

- the H1 marking corresponds to a power of 55 W and a brightness of 1550 lumens;

- H3 - power 55 W and brightness 1450;

- H4 - 55 and 1650 for driving light, 1000 - for near;

-H7 - 55 and 1500;

- H8 - 35 and 800;

- H9 - 65 and 2100;

- H11 - 55 and 1350;

- HB2 - 60 and 1500 for driving light, 910 - for near;

- HB3 - 60 and 1860;

- HB4 - 51 and 1095.

Experts recommend choosing LED lamps that slightly exceed the brightness of halogen products.

There are other approaches to classification, in which frameworks labeling of headlights can be used. For example, there are separate types of products installed in fog lamps - for example, H8, H10, and also H11. Lamps like W5W, T10, as well as T4W are installed in overall, as well as lateral turning lights. The specific type of LED, therefore, is selected based on the purpose of this or that headlight.

Marking of LED flashlights

The next type of product in which LEDs can be used are flashlights. The classification of the corresponding products also has nuances. The marking of LEDs for flashlights depending on the policy of manufacturers can be as similar to the one that characterizes the classification of LED strips, which we considered above, and quite unique (although it is certainly in the interest of the manufacturer to make it as close as possible to industry-wide approaches) .

For example, we can consider the classification of LEDs for the lanterns of the American company CREE - one of the leaders in the world market of the corresponding products.

CREE LED Flashlights: classification

Products of this brand is divided into 2 main groups - XLamp lanterns, as well as super-bright ones. Each of the relevant groups is classified into families, which differ in the type of housing and performance parameters. The main criterion of classification in this case is the allowed value of the current that passes through the crystal present in the LED structure.

It can be noted that the most powerful flashlights of the type XLamp from CREE are products having a corresponding figure in the value exceeding 350 mA. In turn, super-bright products function at a significantly lower working current - usually not exceeding 50 mA. Speaking specifically about the classification of CREE products, the lights belonging to the Xlamp group are classified into the following main varieties: XR, XP, MC.

They are marked, in turn, by the same notation.

It can be noted that they are all SMD LEDs. The marking that would reflect this fact, in this case may not apply, because in the corresponding line there is no production that does not meet this criterion. Depending on the particular crystal, the marking of these types of LEDs can be supplemented with the letters C or E.

In turn, LEDs, classified as super-bright, are divided into groups that differ mainly in performance options. So, the company produces products that are labeled as P4 - they have a square cross-section and 4 outputs. PLCC. LEDs adapted for surface mounting are combined by the manufacturer into the PLCC category .

Summary

So, we have considered what constitutes the defining parameters of such products as LED marking-characteristic. Their connection, size, operating conditions, security and many other parameters can be indicated with the help of relevant information. The generally accepted classification of light-emitting diodes in the world industry is not approved. That, however, can be quite logical proceeding from the fact that these products are used in the widest range of industries.

At the same time, in certain spheres in which LEDs are used, the marking-characteristics of them can be unified. For example, this concerns the production of LED strips. Using a unified marking code consisting of 8 elements, the user can determine the key parameters of the purchased products.

But in many cases, in order to obtain reliable information about LEDs, it is necessary to use only that classification and marking that are developed by a specific brand-manufacturer. They can be as similar to those that characterize the approaches of competing corporations, and completely unique.

In many cases, the criterion for classifying LEDs can be not so much their characteristics as a stand-alone product, but rather the parameters of the final product in which they are installed. For example, according to such principles, it is possible to classify products used in the design of automobile headlamps - in terms of the most useful for the end user of the applicability of the marking of LEDs. At the same time, outside the context of the final product, the classification and, as a consequence, the labeling of LEDs can be carried out on entirely different principles.