Chagall Mark: pictures with names. Marc Chagall: Creativity

In 1887, July 7, the future world-level artist Chagall Mark was born, whose paintings throughout the 20th century caused stupor and delight among visitors to numerous vernissages on which the canvases of the famous avant-gardist were exhibited.

The beginning of the creative path

The childhood of Moyshi, as originally called by his parents, was held in the city of Vitebsk. The boy's father worked as a loader at a fish market, his mother kept a small shop, his grandfather was a cantor in a Jewish synagogue. After graduating from a religious Jewish school, Moishe entered the gymnasium, although in tsarist Russia Jews were not allowed to attend Russian educational institutions. Of course, it was difficult to learn from the illegal situation. After studying for several years, he left the gymnasium and became an auditor in the "School of Painting and Painting of the artist Peng". Two months later, Mr. Peng, impressed with the talent of the young man, offered him free education at his school.

The young artist redrawn all his relatives in turn, then began to paint portraits of the inhabitants of Vitebsk. So in the world of art appeared a bright original painter Chagall Mark, whose paintings will soon be bought by the best museums in the world. An alias, or rather a new name, to himself he came up with himself. Moysha became Mark, and Chagall - this is the altered Segal, from the name of his father.

northern capital

Twenty-year-old Mark decided not to sit still and soon went to St. Petersburg, hoping to continue studying painting there. He had no money, moreover, the discriminatory policy of the Russian state against the Jews made itself felt. Living in the northern capital was on the verge of poverty, interrupted by casual earnings. However, Chagall did not lose heart, he was happy to be in the whirlpool of the artistic life of Petersburg. Gradually, he formed a circle of useful acquaintances among the Jewish beau monde, and new friends began to help the young artist.

Chagall Mark, whose paintings immediately began to be seen as messengers of a new surreal style, tried to develop his individuality and did not follow the generally accepted canons of painting. And, as further life showed, he chose the right path. In the early works of the artist already traced fantastic fantastic story and metaphorical images. Everything that Mark Chagall painted during that period, pictures with the names "Holy Family", "Death", "Birth" - are vivid examples of unusual style. At the same time, the last theme, the appearance of the baby on the light, was reflected in the work of Chagall several times, in different interpretations. However, in all cases, the mother was depicted as a small drawing, which in size was inferior to other characters, peasants, goats, horses that were around. However, this is the phenomenon of the creativity of Marc Chagall, he knew how to arrange microscopic details so that they suddenly began to dominate the general background. A tired woman in labor and a midwife with a newborn in her arms became somehow the center of the picture.

Acquaintance with Lev Bakst

While in St. Petersburg, Chagall Mark, whose paintings attracted more and more attention of the secular public, continued his studies at Seidenberg's private art school while simultaneously doing a simple job in the Jewish magazine "Voskhod" to provide himself with food. Later, he met with Lev Bakst, a teacher at Zvantseva's school, who played a decisive role in the fate of the artist. Chagall also attended lectures by the painter Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, who attracted him as a champion of everything new in art.

In the spring of 1910, Marc Chagall made his debut - his paintings participated in the opening day, which was arranged by the editorial staff of the magazine Apollo. And shortly before this event the artist met a woman of her life, Bella Rosenfeld. The love between them broke out instantly, and a happy time lasted for both from the day when the young people got married and began to live together. In 1916, the couple had a daughter, who was named Ida.

Moving to Paris

In the summer of 1910, Maxim Vinaver, a philanthropist and a great admirer of fine arts, offered Chagall a scholarship that enabled him to study in Paris. The capital of France met Mark affably, he became friends with the artist Ehrenburg and with his assistance took off the studio in Montparnasse. Chagall writes at night, and in the daytime disappears in galleries, salons and exhibitions, absorbing everything that is associated with the great art of painting.

Masters of the early 20th century became an example for a young artist. The great Cezanne, Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Delacroix - each of them enthusiastic Chagall tries to adopt something for himself. His mentor in St. Petersburg, Lev Bakst, once having looked through Parisian drawings of his pupil, confidently stated that "now all the colors are singing." Pictures of Marc Chagall, photos of which are presented on the page, fully confirm the teacher's opinion.

Creative asylum

Soon Chagall moves to the "Hive", a kind of Parisian art center, which has become a shelter for the poor artists visiting. Here Mark meets poets, writers, painters and other representatives of the bohemians of the French capital. All those works that Mark Chagall wrote in the "Hive" (pictures with the names "Fiddler", "Calvary", "Dedication to my Bride", "View of Paris from the Window"), became his "visiting card". However, despite full assimilation with the Parisian creative environment, the artist does not forget about his native Vitebsk and writes pictures: "The seller of cattle", "I and the village", "Snuff tobacco."

Early Creativity

One of the most memorable paintings is "Window. Vitebsk", written in the style of "naive art" or "primitivism", which was followed in the early period of his work by Marc Chagall. "Window: Vitebsk" was created in 1908, when the artist was just beginning to master the wisdom of "primitive style."

For several years spent in Paris, Marc Chagall wrote about thirty paintings and more than 150 watercolor drawings. All the work he took to Berlin at an art exhibition in 1914, which became his main benefit in the world of art. The audience was delighted with Chagall's paintings. From Berlin, the artist was going to go to his native Vitebsk to see Bella, but the sudden start of the First World War prevented him.

Further fate of the artist

Mark Zakharovich Chagall, whose paintings have already become widely known, was released from military draft. Friends helped to get a place in the Military Industrial Department of St. Petersburg, and for some time the artist was provided with housing and work. The paintings of Chagall in this turbulent time were especially acute and realistic. "War", "Window in the Village", "Feast of Tabernacles", "Red Jew" - these are just a few of those paintings that were created during the war. Separately, the artist created a lyrical series of paintings: "Walk", "Pink lovers", "Birthday", "Bella in a white collar." These paintings represent only a small part of the extensive series of his works during the First World War.

"Stroll"

One of the most famous works of the artist, created by him in 1918. Post-revolutionary moods, belief in a happy future, romance of young love - all this is reflected in the canvas. Disappointment in the new social values of the country of the Soviets has not yet come, although it was not far off. Nevertheless, one of the most faithful followers of the new ideals of the time was the artist Marc Chagall. "Walk" - a picture of optimistic, full of bright hopes, the characters do not think about the negative. The woman depicted on the canvas, hovers over reality, the young man is also ready to tear himself away from the earth.

The works of Chagall of 1917-1918

The artist was inspired by the revolutionary events that took place in Petrograd. He, like many representatives of the intelligentsia of the Northern capital, felt a fresh wind of change and believed in their infallibility. Petersburg artists, writers, composers undertook to promote a new way of life, and one of the first in the ranks of enthusiasts, advocating for the equality of all people, was Marc Chagall. The paintings "Above the City", "The War to Palaces - the World of Huts" and many other canvases of that period reflect the artist's desire for creativity.

Bella and bunch of flowers

A special place in the artist's work is occupied by a painting dedicated to his beloved wife, who once brought him a bouquet of flowers to congratulate her on her birthday. Without losing a second, he rushed to the easel. Touched to the core, the artist tried to capture the beautiful moments on the canvas. This was the whole of Marc Chagall. "Birthday" - a picture created in a few minutes in the form of a sketch, and then finalized. She became one of the best in the collection of the artist. As he himself claimed, inspiration comes for a few minutes, it's important not to miss it.

Responsible position

In 1918 Mark Zakharovich Chagall, whose paintings were already considered the property of the Vitebsk province, becomes the commissioner for arts of the local executive committee. The artist showed outstanding organizational skills, he decorated Vitebsk on the anniversary of the October Revolution with a variety of banners, flags and banners. "Art to the masses!" - this was his slogan.

In 1920, Marc Chagall moved to Moscow with Bella and little Ida, where he began to work in the field of the theatrical community. In the process of creating scenery for performances, Chagall radically revises his creative methods, trying to get close to the "revolutionary" new style in painting. The party organs made several attempts to attract the artist to their side, but since Chagall was already an acknowledged master of the world-class brush, these attempts had no success.

Confrontation

The tension that arose between the freedom-loving artist and the communist leadership soon developed into an open confrontation, and Marc Chagall left the country of the Soviets with his family.

Berlin became the first European city, in which settled Mark, Bella and little Ida. The artist's attempts to get money for the exhibition in 1914 ended in nothing, most of the pictures were lost. Chagall was returned only three canvases and a dozen watercolor drawings.

In the summer of 1923, Mark receives a letter from Paris from his old friend, who calls him to come to the French capital. Chagall is on his way, and there he is waiting for another disappointment - the pictures that he once left in the "Hive", also disappeared. However, the artist does not lose heart, he begins to write again his masterpieces. In addition, Marc Chagall receives an offer from a major publishing house for the purpose of illustrating books. He begins work with the story "Dead Souls" by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and perfectly copes with the task.

Family trips

Chagal's financial position has become stronger, and he and his family begin to travel to European countries. And in breaks between voyages the artist writes his immortal canvases, which are becoming more and more light and light: "Double portrait", "Ida near the window", "Life is rustic". In addition to paintings, Chagall is engaged in illustrating the publication of the "La Fontaine's Fables".

In 1931, Marc Chagall visits Palestine, he wants to feel the land of his ancestors. Several months, which the artist spent in the Holy Land, forced him to change his attitude to life. Bella and Ida's daughter, who were close, fostered this. Returning to Paris, Chagall only studies biblical illustrations.

Moving to America

In the late thirties, fleeing from the German Nazis, the Chagall family emigrated to the United States. And again - working with theatrical scenery, this time in the Russian ballet. Igor Stravinsky then rejected the work of Chagall and preferred the sketches of Picasso, but theatrical costumes in Mark's authorship were accepted.

The war in Europe is in full swing, although it is already clear that the Third Reich is defeated. In the summer of 1944 the joyful news comes - Hitler on the verge of capitulation. And in late August, Mark Chagall overtakes trouble, in the hospital, suddenly dies of sepsis Bell. The artist loses the meaning of life from grief, but his daughter supports and helps to survive. Only nine months later Chagall takes the brushes in his hands. Now he finds salvation in his work, he paints pictures both day and night. The creative impulses of the artist helped him survive the severity of the loss.