Calculation of wooden beams overlapping - the basic rules

In construction, there are two types of bearing structures: vertical and horizontal. The first include the external walls and interior partitions, to the second - the floor and ceiling. Horizontal structures in low-rise construction are advantageous from wood. Exact calculation of the wooden beams of the ceiling will not only provide the necessary strength, but also reduce the cost of construction.

The choice of materials is carried out at the stage of preparation for design. In the future, the calculation of the cross-section of wooden beams is based on the loads and the characteristics of the raw materials themselves. The largest application in the construction industry was the production of sawn softwood because of their prevalence. Their advantages are low cost and satisfactory strength characteristics.

Calculation of loads and self-weight of structures

When constructing the floors of the first floor of the lag, on which the flooring of the boards rests, they have a multitude of intermediate supports in the ground. Because of special difficulties with such bearing surfaces does not occur. Calculation of the wooden beams overlap is based on the fact that no supporting columns to put in the room is undesirable.

The load on the overlap is divided into a constant and a variable. The first arises from the weight of the beams and other materials used for the device and the insulation of the ceilings. If the house is single-storey, then the variable load can be neglected. To estimate this amount of materials, you can use the calculation calculator of wooden beams overlapping in the form of a special computer program or application. However, the obtained results can be taken as indicative.

Features of the design of beam floors

Based on the absolute load determined at the first stage, it is necessary to calculate its specific index. For this, the total weight of the structure and items that will be on it is divided by the total area. The calculation of wooden beams overlap is carried out with a margin of strength, the magnitude of which is determined in accordance with the SNIP and other guidelines.

The power set of the overlap consists of beams of rectangular cross-section with a ratio of width and thickness of 14 to 10 and an optimum length of not more than 5.5 meters. The standard sizes of sawn timber produced by woodworking enterprises are close to this indicator and are considered optimal. The frequency of laying the floor beams is one of the most important indicators affecting the ability of the bearing surface to withstand the load.

Methods for strengthening beams

The elements of the power set are set so that the larger side is in the plane of application of forces, in our case - vertically. Increase the bearing capacity in several ways: increase the frequency of laying beams, install doubles or increase them in height. The restriction on this indicator is determined by two factors: the possibility of bending in the horizontal plane and the rational use of the internal space.

A qualified calculation of the wooden beams of the floor can be made only by a specialist: a civil engineer or an architect. A large number of factors are taken into account in designing. The existence of practical experience among performers is also important. However, at least a general understanding of the basics of the calculations will allow the client to control the process.