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Butyrskaya prison in Moscow. Address and brief history

Butyrskaya prison (currently the Detention Unit No. 2 of the UFSIN) was founded in 1771 by the order of Catherine II. The provincial prison castle was designed by the architect Kazakov. According to the original idea, the structure should have been a hexagonal elongated ensemble. In the corners it was planned to build 4 round crenellated towers, connected by brick high walls. Something, and this project was implemented. In Butyrsky Castle there are 4 towers: the Clock, Pugachev, Police and North. In the center of the buildings was a church. And today, in the Butyrka prison, the prisoners can visit the temple unhindered.

The revolt of Pugachev

At the end of 1774 the tsarist troops suppressed a revolt of peasants led by Emelian Pugachev. The escaped militiamen were taken to a bottle prisoner under heavy guard, shackled in chains and shackled. The ringleader, Emelka, was sent to Moscow in a cage, and then also chained in chains. In honor of the famous prisoner, they even called one of the towers (South): in 1775, before the execution, he was chained to the wall in the basement of this building. Now she is Pugachevskaya.

Torture tools

In those days Butyrskaya prison was very cruel. In the imperial prison there were many tools for burdening prisoners: pads, slingshots, handcuffs, chairs, collars ... Prisoners could have been chained even for a minor offense. The slingshot is a metal special collar that did not allow the prisoner to lie. Chains in prison used three kinds, they were worn on the arms, legs and neck. Sometimes criminals were additionally chained to the wall. The chairs were used to prevent shoots. They were made from an oak block with a weight of up to 25 kg and were lined with steel hoops. A collar was fixed on the neck of the prisoner. The prisoner had to walk like this to a bath and toilet.

Expansion of the prison and regime change

In 1878, the imperial prison was rebuilt and expanded. As a result, the premises could accommodate up to 2.5 thousand criminals. In 1879, the Main Prison Corps was erected. The main entrance was the gate near the Pugachev Tower.

In 1889, norms were introduced for the nutrition of prisoners. After the revolution of the beginning of the 20th century, the "Butyrka" created a penal servitude for a particularly cruel regime, where the death penalty was applied .

Famous personalities of "Butyrki"

In the walls of this Moscow prison in the 19 - early 20 centuries. Many well-known personalities visited: Bauman, Schmidt, Voroshilov, Dzerzhinsky, Makhno, as well as many participants in the 1905 uprising. Since 1906, Butyrskaya Prison has become known as the Temporary Center. They began to introduce an extremely harsh regime, as punishment even a flogging was introduced. The "fruits" of the new regime were not long in coming: epidemics of various diseases began, a wave of suicides swept through. In the years 1910-1911. For a day, up to 400 prisoners died (mainly because of consumption). Under the command of Kudryakov (in 1908), the former tsar's prison turned into hell: flogging became an ordinary occurrence, and especially disobedient sent to penal cells.

Relaxation of the regime

After the revolution of the 17th year, chains, shackles and other weapons were canceled. They were also allowed to approach the windows, see relatives and receive the programs. Butyrskaya church was liquidated, and in its building a smithy and a hardware workshop were set up. They organized a library and allowed to organize concerts. In 1920, F. Chaliapin made a speech here.

Since 1983, female prisoners have been transferred to a separate building. In 1996, all the criminals who were in other SIZOs were sent here. It is also worth noting that numerous re-equipment and adjustments were made independently, without obtaining any technical documentation. Therefore, many buildings do not meet the current building codes and regulations.

The fate of "Butyrka" after 2000

In 2001, repair work was carried out on the territory of the whole "Butyrka". The regime buildings were completely repaired. The Temple of the Blessed Virgin is restored and still operates today. Since 2003, the Department of Narcology and Psychiatry has been working in the remand center No. 2 to upgrade the skills and retraining of medical personnel.

Many are interested: where is the Butyrka prison? Address SIZO № 2 UFSIN: Moscow, st. Novoslobodskaya, 45 (it is 4 km from the center of the capital). Now the institution is protected by the state as a unique architectural monument.

"Butyrka" will become a museum?

Soon, "Butyrka" can turn from prison to a museum. The deputies of the State Duma demanded to close the isolator several times already, but so far no results have been achieved.

Residents of neighboring houses were constantly asked to consider closing the prison. First, the view from their windows is depressing - barred windows. Secondly, in the yard there is a sharp smell of bureaucracy. And thirdly, along the entrances there is a constant line to the inquiry office of the pre-trial detention center. In addition, there is another important point. In the area where the Butyrskaya prison is located, it is impossible to sell the apartment at a market price, which is understandable.

After the complaints of the Muscovites, many deputies offered to move the prisoners to the pre-trial detention center on Vilyuiskaya Street, where, by the way, the conditions of detention are much better. And in the "Butyrka" you can just open the prison museum. However, this issue has not yet been resolved. Some officials believe that there is a risk of escape of criminals during transportation. And there are more "exotic" proposals - to move to the "Butyrka" mausoleum.

Sign Events

Butyrskaya prison was seen in its walls by famous writers, politicians, scientists, etc. The most significant event of recent times was the short imprisonment of Gusinsky. He had here the most blatant place - a cot by the window on the first tier, in his cell they even set up a television set.

And however, now the TV can be seen in every cell. In "Butyrka" also has a library with a good selection of thrillers, classics and science fiction.

In their spare time prisoners are engaged in a wide variety of activities. They make tools for tattooing, make knives from cans and mugs, some even manage to design a homemade gun. Familiar entertainment "zekov" - dominoes, backgammon, chess. It is forbidden to play cards in prison. For this, of course, today they do not shoot, but they can put him in a punishment cell. There are no problems with nutrition. Although only a couple of years ago everything was much worse. By the way, since 1996, women are no longer placed here.

Nahumelshie shoots

What did not happen in SIZO No. 2, Moscow is still full of rumors. Butyrskaya prison saw for its long history a lot of talented shoots. There are still legends about the lieutenant Lantsovo, who was constantly engaged in hooliganism. In "Butyrka" he was put not once, but he managed to get out from there every time. It is also said that one of the prisoners fled directly from the investigator's office. And hid before the Second World War.

Trying to escape tried in the post-Soviet period. In 1992, two inmates tore a metal mesh on a walking yard, climbed out onto the roof, jumped off the third floor and disappeared. True, they detained them after a few days.

In 1996, the girl decided to escape. She pretended to be a prisoner, who really should have freed herself, and quietly left the detention center. They detained her after 3 days.

In 2000, the flight was managed by a citizen of Georgia. However, they caught him after 5 days. In the same year, three extremely dangerous criminals fled from the death row, spooning a cement floor for a couple of days. Two of them were found in 3 weeks, and the third was caught only in April 2003.

But the most effective escape from Butyrskaya prison was committed by a 26-year-old prisoner Vitaly Ostrovsky (Belorussian). It happened on April 22, 2010. He jumped over the high fence of the remand prison during the escort. To find him to this day failed. Inspired by Ostrovsky's escape, two days after his "heroic deed", Vitaly Loktev, 24, fled, convicted of violence against children. The man squeezed out the grate of the window and jumped off the roof of the insulator. But this attempt was, fortunately, a failure - it was found on the same day.

Museum "Butyrki"

Since 1971, there is a museum here, but getting into it is not so simple. Visiting him is allowed only at the request of a legal entity. But if it does, the excursion to Butyrskaya prison will be remembered for a long time. In the museum, for example, you can see a lot of amazing exhibits, extracted from the stomachs of prisoners: scissors, bolts, spoons. And one of the prisoners even swallowed 28 pieces of dominoes at a time. They had to be removed surgically. Impressive are also various homemade tools: knives, pistols, cars for tattooing.

"Butyrka" in art

- According to the plot of the comedy "Mimino" in 8 chamber "Butyrki" gets the main character Valiko Mizandari. He personally informs about this when entering the pilot's courses.

- In 2001 the group "Butyrka" was founded. This name was given to the band after an attempt to escape the prisoners in 2001. There is one more group that performed a song about SIZO No. 2 - "Crusader Ace". Butyrskaya prison, thanks to their compositions, became even more famous, and far beyond Russia.

- Here the prison scenes of the series "Seventeen Moments of Spring" were shot. It is rumored that when entertainers in the form of SS men and Gestapo players walked along prison corridors, some of the servicemen from among the servants jokingly exclaimed: "Oh, our people have come!"

- I visited "Butyrka" and Hollywood actor Mickey Rourke, to get used to the image in the movie "Iron Man 2".

So, it's time to sum up. One of the most famous prisons in Russia is Butyrskaya prison, whose address, by the way, in the near future can change. However, while, despite the fact that the isolator has long been inadequate for many requirements and sanitary standards, the prisoners are not in a hurry to move. But even if this happens, the building of pre-trial detention center No. 2 will cause horror for people for many years to come.

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